The Improvement Era

Egyptian Papyri
Rediscovered,

Presented to Church

Regional Represen-
tatives of the Twelve

BYU is special

Make sure you are ready*

An education at BYU is something special. High
academic standards combined with physical
and spiritual training in an ideal social climate, a
dedicated faculty, a highly motivated student
body, and a beautiful campus with finest facilities
all add up to a superior education.

Students planning to take advantage of it
should be prepared. Try to earn good grades in
high school. And remember, deadline for new
applications for autumn semester 1968 is April 30.
Students transferring from other colleges have
until July 31. Also, all new freshmen must take
the American College Tests which are given
in every state. Check your local high school or
college for test registration and materials.
Only two more tests remain, Feb. 17 (register by
Jan. 25) and May 1 1 (register by April 19).

Demand is great for the superior education
of BYU, but there is always room for the good
scholar. Make sure you are ready.

Brigham Young University

Dates to remember:

Jan. 25 — Deadline to register for American College Tests

of Feb. 17.
Feb. 17 — American College Tests.
Mar. 1 — Final date for incoming freshmen and transfer

student applications for scholarships,
April 19 — Deadline to register for American College Tests

of May 11.
April 30 — Final date for new freshmen to apply for fall

semester admission.
May 11 — American College Tests.
May 31 — Final date for admissions applications for

Summer School 1968.
July 31 — Final date for admissions applications of

transfer, former and graduate students.
Sept. 19, 20, 21— Registration,

Cover Note:

Our cover photographs this month have
special significance. We are pleased to re-
produce, for the first time anywhere in full
color, and the same size as the original, a
photograph of the papyrus manuscript from
which the Prophet Joseph Smith obtained
Facsimile I in the Book of Abraham. This
valuable and important manuscript and ten
other pieces of papyrus that were once the
property of the Prophet Joseph Smith have
been rediscovered and given back to the
Church. (See story, page 12.)

The second cover photograph has interest,
as it was taken in upper Egypt in the area
where the papyrus scroll that contained this
record, the manuscript of the Book of Abra-
ham, and other writings lay buried for cen-
turies in a tomb. The huge gritstone statues
are called the Colossi of Memnon and have
watched over the Necropolis (the city of the
dead) and the Valley of the Tombs of the
Kings from the days of the early pharaohs.
(See story and additional color photographs,
page 4.)

Both photographs and the articles men-
tioned above help provide an interesting back-
ground for a most important series by Dr.
Hugh Nibley, "A New Look at the Pearl of
Great Price," which begins on page 18 of this
issue.

Photo of the Colossi of Memnon is by
Doyle L. Green, managing editor.

Official organ of the Priestfiood Quorums, Mutual Improvement Associations.
Home Teaching Committee. Music Committee. Church School System, and
otfier agencies of Tfie Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Samts.

The Improvement Era, 79 South State, Salt Lake City, Utah 84111

The Voice of the Church

January 1968

Volume 71, Number 1

January 1968

Special Features

2 Editor's Page: For the Perfecting of the Saints, President David 0.
McKay

4 The Ancient Land of Egypt, Doyle L. Green

12 Egyptian Papyri Rediscovered, Jay M. Todd

18 A New Look at the Pearl of Great Price: Part 1, Challenge and Re-
sponse, Dr. Hugh Nibley

26 Meeting the Needs of a Growing Church, Elder Harold B. Lee

32 Regional Representatives of the Twelve

59 It's Easy to Say "Charge It," Quinn G. McKay

Regular Features

52 Teaching: Feminine-Flavored Church History, Kenneth W. Godfrey

62 The Era Asks About LDS Servicemen

68 Lest We Forget: Monument in Vermont, Albert L, Zobell, Jr.

72 The LDS Scene

74 Buffs and Rebuffs

76 The Church Moves On

78 The Presiding Bishopric's Page: The Presiding Bishop Talks to Youth
About Education, Bishop John H. Vandenberg

80 Today's Family: June in January, Florence B. Pinnock

85 These Times: General Bradley, the War in Vietnam, and 1968, G.

Homer Durham

70, 76, 82, 84, 86 The Spoken Word, Richard L Evans
88 End of an Era

Era of Youth

39-50 Marion D. Hanks and Elaine Cannon, Editors

Poetry

53, 54, 56 Poetry

David 0. McKay and Richard L. Evans. Editors; Doyle L, Green, Managing Editor; Albert U. Zobell, Jr., Research Editor; Mabel Jones Gabbott, Jay M, Todd,
Eleanor Knowles, V/illiam T. Sykes, Editorial Associates; Florence B. Pinnock, Today's Family Editor; Marion D. Hanks. Era of Youth Editor; Elaine Cannon.
Era of Youth Associate Editor: Ralph Reynolds. Art Director; Norman F. Price, Staff Artist.

G. Homer Durham. Franklin S. Harris, Jr., Hugh Nibley, Sidney B. Sperry, Albert L. Payne, Contributing Editors.

G- Carlos Smith, Jr., General Manager: Florence S. Jacobsen, Associate General Manager; Verl F. Scott, Business Manager; A. Glen Snarr, Acting Business

Manager and Subscription Director; Thayer Evans, S. Glenn Smith, Advertising Representatives.

©General Superintendent, Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1968, and published by the

Mutual Improvement Associations of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All rights resen/ed. Subscription price, $3.00 a year, in advance;

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The Editor's Page

By President David 0. McKay

Fbr the Perfecting

of (hi Sail

• "And lie gave some, apostles; and some, prophets;
and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and
teachers;

"For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of
the ministry, for the edifying of the l)ody of Christ;

"Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of
the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man,
unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of
Christ." (Eph. 4:11-13.)

This is what the brethren have in mind v/hen they
say correlation program. This is what you brethren
of the priesthood, and you members, have in mind
because you are servants of the Most High. He has
given you the responsibility of perfecting the Saints,
of working in the ministry, for edifying the Saints of
Cod; and the object is the perfecting of the individual.

May we cite the home teaching program and the
home evening program, two very important links now
functioning as part of the correlation program.

tion and brotherly love, into the home, wherein lies
the first and foremost opportunity for teaching in the
Church.

Three things should be kept in mind in thorough
preparation for home teaching: First, a knowledge of
those whom we are to teach. As each family is differ-
ent from another, so each individual in the family
differs from others. Methods and messages should
vary according to each individual and according to his
problems and needs.

To perform fully our duty as a home teacher, we
should be continually aware of the attitudes, the
activities and interests, the problems, the employment,
the health, the happiness, the plans and purposes, the
physical, temporal, and spiritual needs and circum-
stances of everyone— of every child, every youth, and
every adult in the homes and families that have been
placed in our trust and care as bearers of the priest-
hood and as representatives of the bishop.

Home teaching is one of our most urgent and re-
warding opportunities to nurture and inspire, to
counsel and direct our Father's children in all that
pertains to life. Through the priesthood quorums and
under the bishop's direction, home teaching takes the
message of the gospel, the message of life and salva-

Second, a knowledge of what we are to teach. It
is the home teachers' duty to teach that Jesus the
Christ is the Redeemer of the world; that Joseph Smith
and his successors are prophets of God; that the gospel
has been restored; and that The Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints is being divinely led and

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offers happiness and eternal life and exaltation for
all who are willing to learn and to live its principles.
The earnestness of our testimony and sincerity of our
service will help give life, purpose, and a desire for
full fellowship in the Church to those we teach.

Third, a knowledge of how we are going to teach.
If we may take some words from the Doctrine and
Covenants and apply them to this purpose, the home
teachers should "visit the house of each member" and
teach, expound, and exhort each to pray vocally and in
secret; attend to all family duties and "watch over the
Church always, and be with and strengthen them"—
and this means always, however, whenever, and with
whatever may be necessary.

Home teaching is a divine service, a divine call. It
is our duty as home teachers to carry the divine spirit
into every home and heart. To love the work and do
his best will bring unbounded peace, joy, and satis-
faction to each noble, dedicated teacher of God's
children.

we re-emphasize that no other success can compensate
for failure in the home.

Earnestly we urge parents to gather their families
around them, and to instruct them in truth and righ-
teousness, in family love and loyalty. The home is the
basis of a righteous life, and no other instrumentality
can take its place nor fulfill its essential functions. The
problems of these difficult times cannot better be
solved in any other place, by any other agency, by any
other means, than by love and righteousness, precept
and example, and devotion to duty in the home.

May you be blessed in teaching and caring for and
drawing near to you those whom God has entrusted to
you, and in watching over your own. As you do so,
love at home and obedience to parents will increase,
and faith will develop in the hearts of the youth of
Israel; they will gain power to combat evil influences
and temptations, to choose righteousness and peace,
and thus be assured an eternal place in the family
circle of our Father.

We recommend flexibility in the use of the family
home evening manuals, that they be adapted to the cir-
cumstances of each family, that parents who have
children in Zion recognize their obligation to teach
their children to understand, to pray, and to walk
uprightly before the Lord. And again, most urgently

God is guiding this Church. Be true to it. Be true
to your families, loyal to them. Protect your children.
Guide them, not arbitrarily, but through the example
of a kind father, a loving mother, and so contribute to
the strength of the Church by magnifying your priest-
hood in your home and in your lives. O

January 1968

Above: The Great Sphinx and the pyramid of Giza located near Cairo Right: The temple at Luxor in upper Egypt contains this huge, well-
in lower Egypt. These monuments were more than 2,500 years old preserved statue of a seated pharaoh. The size of the statue and
when Joseph took Mary and the baby Jesus to Egypt from Palestine. columns can be determined from the people in the lower left corner.

The EraTakesYou to the Ancient Land of

Neighbor of Palestine..
Refuge of the Prophets

By Doyle L. Green
Managing Editor

Photographs by the author

Tthe recent discovery and return to the Church of a
collection of papyrus manuscripts that had once been
the property of the Prophet Joseph Smith and parts of
which are associated with the Book of Abraham in
the Pearl of Great Price (see article, p. 12) has stirred
up renewed interest in the ancient land of Egypt.

Egypt is situated in the northeast corner of Africa.
Its northern boundary borders the Mediterranean Sea,

while its eastern reaches are washed by the waters of
the Red Sea in the south and butt against Palestine
in the north. The country is 760 miles wide and 675
miles long and is about the size of Texas and New
Mexico combined.

Egypt is in truth an ancient land, with a history that
reaches back into time more than 5,000 years. If it
were only because a tomb in the desert hills of that

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h I.

s^

•''■"^- -'

ii^

"'""■ r

^ -f

Above; These monoliths in the
temple at Karnak are of solid
pieces of stone 97 feet high.
They weigh up to 350 tons each.

Below: The columns shown here
were evidently never completed,
as most Egyptian columns are
smooth and covered with figures.

A statue of a perfectly preserved pharaoh at one end of the Great
Hall of the Columns in the temple at Karnak. The pharaoh's wife
is represented by the small figure standing under his left hand.

Right: Egyptologists say that some Egyptian temples were 2,000
years in the building. Temples built by the early pharaohs were
added to and altered by later rulers. . This temple is at Luxor.

land cradled, protected, and preserved the invaluable
writings of Abraham for hundreds of years, the land
of the Nile should have an honored place in our
thoughts. But Egypt was more than a preserver of
papyrus. This land sheltered and fed Abraham and
Sarah when there was a famine in Palestine. Later it
became the home of Joseph and subsequently offered
refuge to Father Jacob and his family when famine
again hit the Holy Land. True, when "there arose up
a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph"
(Exod. 1:8), the children of Israel fell into slavery.

Still, this African land did furnish a home for the
Israelites until the Lord, working through Moses, freed
them from bondage and led them back to the prom-
ised land.

We also owe a debt of gratitude to Egypt for fur-
nishing a safe haven for the baby Jesus. It was to this
country that Joseph, through instruction from an
angel, took the Christ child with his mother to save
him from being slain at the hands of the soldiers of
unscrupulous Herod.

The historian Flavins Josephus tells of at least two

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^iT?

Members of a Brigham Young University Bible Lands Study Tour group
at Tomb 33, located in the desert hills west of the Nile River near
the Valley of the Tombs of the Kings. This may have been the tomb
from which Antonio Lebolo obtained the mummies and papyrus that
came into the possess/on of the Prophet Joseph Smith in July 1835.

Other occasions when corn and dried figs from the
land of the Nile brought relief to hungry Palestine.

The writings of Abraham reveal that Egypt was
discovered originally "by a woman, who was the
daughter of Ham, and the daughter of Egyptus. . . .

"When this woman discovered the land, it was
under water, who afterward settled her sons in it. . . .

". . . the first government of Egypt was established
by Pharaoh, the eldest son of Egyptus, the daughter
of Ham, and it was after the manner of the govern-
ment of Ham, which was patriarchal.

"Pharaoh, being a righteous man, established his
kingdom and judged his people wisely and justly all
his days, seeking earnestly to imitate that order estab-
lished by the fathers in the first generations, in the
days of the first patriarchal reien, even in the reign
of Adam, and also of Noah, his father. . . ." (Abraham
1:23-26.)

Egypt is first mentioned in the Bible in the twelfth
chapter of Genesis. These scriptures tell us there
was a famine in Canaan, seemingly when Abraham
arrived there from Haran. To escape it, he went into
Egypt. This story is verified by his account in the
Book of Abraham: "And I, Abraham, journeyed, going
on still towards the south; and there was a continua-
tion of a famine in the land; and I, Abraham, con-
cluded to go down into Egypt, to sojourn there, for
the famine became very grievous." (Abraham 2:21.)

There is no indication in the scriptures as to where
Abraham went in Egypt or how long he stayed. In
his day the headquarters of the government and home
of the pharaoh may have been in Memphis, which was
near where Cairo is now located, about 275 miles from
Jerusalem; or it may have been in Thebes, which is
another 375 miles up the Nile River.

In any event, it was near the ancient city of Thebes
that the mummies and papyrus were found that came
into the hands of the Prophet Joseph Smith in July
1835. Thebes was about 200 miles below Aswan,
where the great dam across the Nile is located and
where the project is underway to save some of the
ancient Egyptian statuary by moving it to higher
ground.

The Book of Abraham, according to the introduction

in it, is "a Translation of some ancient Records, that
have failed into our hands from the catacombs of
Egypt.— The writings of Abraham while he was in
Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written by his
own hand, upon papyrus."

Because of Abraham and this papyrus, Latter-day
Saint visitors to upper Egypt have a more than usual
interest in the temples and the tombs around the
present-day cities of Luxor and Karnak. Members of
the Brigham Young University Bible Lands Study
Tour group, whom I assisted in directing in the late
spring of 1966, found accommodations in a little hotel
in Luxor quite tolerable. We reached the hotel, on
the banks of the Nile River, from the airport following
a pleasant flight from Cairo, during which we watched
the great Nile River, bordered on each side by a nar-
row strip of greenery, winding its way through the
African deserts. The weather was almost unbearably
hot and dry. We asked how often it rained, and were
informed that a few drops fall every six to eight years.
We were glad to find air conditioners droning away
in our little rooms. Once during our brief stay they
went off because of a power failure, and w^ithin a
few moments we were pounding at the door of the
manager's office to let him know how we were suffer-
ing. (As if he didn't already know!)

The food at the hotel was edible— just barely.
Drinking water was pumped out of the Nile. We were
told that it had been filtered, but some of our party
expressed doubts about this. We were pleased to be
able to buy mineral water, bottled in France and sold
at outrageous prices.

But all of the inconveniences were forgotten as we
toured the great temples and the tombs, some parts of
which are pictured and further described on these
pages. The temples at Luxor and Karnak are un-
believable. The Karnak temple is said to be the larg-
est columnar structure ever built by man.. The
monoliths and the huge statues of the pharaohs are
enough to stagger the imagination.

One morning just as the sun was rising, we crossed
the Nile River to visit the tombs and funeral temples
of western Thebes. Of great interest to me was the
tomb of Tutankhanen in the Valley of the Tombs of

The Nile River has been the lifeblood of Egypt throughout its his-
tory. The photo was taken from Luxor across the river to the west
toward the hills where many of the pharaohs and nobles were buried.

January 1968

the Kings. I was in the second grade in grammar
school when this fabulous discovery was made. As a
young boy, I was greatly impressed with the stories
of the intrigue and romance and the riches of this
marvelous find as they were imprinted upon my mind
by a kindly teacher. This is one of the tombs that
had not been plundered by grave robbers, and it gave
scientists a rich opportunity to learn more about the
life and times of the ancient Egyptians. Most of the
rich treasures have been removed to a Cairo museum,
but some have been left in the tomb to be seen in their
original setting.

Our guide was surprised when we asked him to
take us to Tomb 33. He couldn't understand why we
would want to see that particular tomb. We had
carefully inspected and explored a number of the
deeper, more elaborately decorated and notable
tombs. Moreover, he told us, we couldn't get into
Tomb 33 because it was being used as a storage
facility. But we persisted, explaining to him that it
had a special meaning for us. Tomb 33, according to
some of our scholars, had been the resting place for
those many hundreds of years for the Abraham papy-
rus, which has come to mean so much to members of
the Church.

Dr. Ross T. Christensen, professor of archaeology
at Brigham Young University, made a study of the
ground plans and other available information concern-
ing the "private tombs," "tombs of the nobles," at
Gurneh and concluded that Tomb 33, originally
owned by Petanenopet, a noble of the twenty-sixth
dynasty, possibly was the one that best fit the descrip-
tion of the tomb from which Antonio Lebolo obtained
his mummies and papyrus.

As we stood in the depression outside the tomb, we
talked and thought about Abraham and the incredible
account of the preservation of the papyrus that con-
tained his writings, and the incredible story of its
having been preserved over these many, many years
and having been directed into the hands of the Prophet
Joseph Smith.

We also thought and talked of another Joseph— the
one who was sold into Egypt and eventually became
one of the top-ranking men in the government. The

beginning of his story in the land of the Nile is set
by historians in the year 1728 b.c. From then until
about 1491 B.C., when the great exodus of the Israel-
ites took place, the story of the children of Israel and
Egypt is, of course, closely interwoven. The Prophet
Joseph Smith recorded that one of the rolls of papyrus
contained "the writings of Joseph of Egypt." (History
of the Church, Vol. 2, p. 236. )

Throughout our travels in Egypt, we wondered just
where Joseph of Nazareth took Mary and the baby
Jesus when they fled their homeland. A number of
qualified researchers have speculated that they may
have gone to a Jewish settlement near Cairo. It would
seem logical for Joseph to seek refuge among his own
people. If they did go to this Jewish settlement, it
is possible that they may have seen the great pyramids
and also looked upon the face of the Sphinx. We are
told that the Sphinx is perhaps the oldest monument in
the world and was probably already more than 2,500
years old when Christ was born. The Sphinx has a
body of a lion and the face of a human. It is 240
feet long and 66 feet high. The face is said to repre-
sent that of a Pharaoh Chephren, the builder of the
second pyramid. The largest pyramid, called the
pyramid of Giza, was built for the pharaoh Cheops.
It is constructed from more than two million lime-
stone and granite blocks, each weighing about two
and a half tons.

The wonders performed by the ancient Egyptians,
still visible along the Nile from Cairo to Aswan, stagger
the imagination, even of modern man. The extensive
learning they contributed to the world has had lasting
influence. But to many of us, our keenest interest in
Egypt lies in the fact that it was a neighbor of Pales-
tine, that it furnished refuge for the prophets, and
that it has been used by God to help bring about his
righteous purposes.

We hope that this brief background information,
and the colored photographs, will furnish a fitting
backdrop to the fascinating series of articles by Dr.
Hugh Nibley, which begins in this issue: "A New Look
at the Pearl of Great Price," page 15, and help add
interest to our article on the finding of the papyri,
page 12. O

10

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^m^ff^^P W fflPF

a**''

Above; A life-size statue and paintings,
wliich help tell the story of the person
of noble birth buried in this tomb at
Saqqara, have withstood the aging of time.

Below: The Great Hall of Columns in Anon's
temple at Karnak, which was in ancient
Thebes. In this hall 140 columns stand in
16 rows. They rise to a height of 78 feet.

Above: These hieroglyphics, which are typ-
ical of Egyptian markings to be found in
tombs and temples throughout Egypt, are in
the temple of Hatshepsut, woman ruler.

Manuscript from which the Prophet Joseph Smith obtained
Facsimile 1, part of the Book of Abraham, is included in

this valuable find.

Egyptian I^pyri Rediscovered

B2J Jay M. Todd

Editorial Associate

• Perhaps no discovery in recent mem-
ory is expected to arouse as much
widespread interest in the restored gos-
pel as is the recent discovery of some
Egyptian papyri, one of which is
known to have been used by the
Prophet Joseph Smith in producing
the Book of Abraham.

The papyri, long thought to have
been burned in the Chicago fire of
1871, were presented to the Church on
November 27, 1967, in New York City
by the Metropolitan Museum of Art,
more than a year after Dr. Aziz S.
Atiya, former director of the Univer-
sity of Utah's Middle East Center, had
made his startling discovery while
browsing through the New York mu-
seum's papyri collection.

Included in the collection of 11 man-

uscripts is one identified as the
original document from which Joseph
Smith obtained Facsimile 1, which
prefaces the Book of Abraham in the
Pearl of Great Price. Accompanying
the manuscripts was a letter dated
May 26, 1856, signed by both Emma
Smith Bidamon, widow of the Prophet
Joseph Smith, and their son, Joseph
Smith, attesting that the papyri had
been the property of the Prophet.

Some of the pieces of papyrus
apparently include conventional hiero-
glyphics (sacred inscriptions, resembl-
ing picture-drawing) and hieratic (a
cursive shorthand version of hiero-
glyphics) Egyptian funerary texts,
which were commonly buried with
Egyptian mummies. Often the funerary
texts contained passages from the

/?'.

t C

P/iotob hy J Heslop

12

Dr. Aziz Atiya examines manuscripts in the room in which he iound
the papyri and document signed by Emma Smith.

Dr. Aziz Atiya, Dr. Joseph Noble, Dr. Thomas P. F. Moving, President
Tanner compare Facsimile No. 1 with original.

"Book of the Dead," a book that was to
assist in the safe passage of the dead
person into the spirit world. It is not
known at this time whether the ten
other pieces of papyri have a direct
connection with the Book of Abraham.

It was also discovered that on the
backing of three of the manuscripts
(the backing was pasted to the fragile
manuscripts, apparently by the Proph-
et Joseph, to give them firm support)
are some jottings, hand-drawn maps,
and apparent notations of townships,
all thought to be in the Prophet
Joseph Smith's handwriting. Their
importance or revelance has not yet
been ascertained but will be of intense
interest to Latter-day Saint historians.

The collection of manuscripts was
presented to President N. Eldon Tan-
ner of the First Presidency by Thomas
P. G. Moving, director of the Metro-
politan Museum of Art, in an impres-
sive ceremony held in the New York
museum and attended by worldwide
news agencies. After being displayed
in the Church offices in Salt Lake

City, the manuscripts were turned
over to Dr. Hugh Nibley, scholar, lin-
guist at Brigham Young University,
and contributing editor of The Im-
provement Era. for further research
and study.

The story of the unusual manner in
which the Prophet Joseph Smith ob-
tained the original papyri and four
Egyptian mummies has been told often
and is full of adventure and fascina-
tion. But of equal interest is the story
of Dr. Aziz S. Atiya's discovery of the
papyri in the Metropolitan Museum
of Art, which is best told in his own
words:

"I was writing a book at the time,
one that I had started while a profes-
sor of world Christianity and eastern
Christianity, and I went to the Metro-
politan Museum of Art looking for
documents, papyri, pictures, and illus-
trations to serve the book. It must
have been in the early spring of 1966.
I really forget the date. My book was
ready for the press, and I was looking
for supplementary material.

"While I was in one of the dim
rooms where everything was brought
to me, something caught my eye, and
I asked one of the assistants to take
me behind the bars into the storehouse
of documents so that I could look
some more. While there I found a
file with these documents. I at once
recognized the picture part of it. When
I saw this picture, I knew that it had
appeared in the Pearl of Great Price.
I knew the general format of the pic-
ture. This kind of picture one can
find generally on other papyri, but
this particular one has special pecu-
liarities. For instance, the head had
fallen off, and I could see that the
papyrus was stuck on paper, nine-
teenth century paper. The head was
completed in pencil, apparently by
Joseph Smith, who must have had it
when, that part fell off. He apparently
drew the head in his own hand on the
supplementary paper. Also, the hands
of the mummy, raised as they are, and
the leg, raised as it is — usually the
mummies lie straight forward — are

January 1968

13

very peculiar. This papyrus is Egyp-
tian, true enough, but what it stands
for, I really don't know.

"Now when I saw this, I began to
search further. I saw more pieces of
papyri stacked together and suspected
that Providence had assisted. Another
document was found with these docu-
ments, signed by Joseph Smith's wife,
his son, and someone else, testifying
that these papyri were treasured and
owned by Joseph Smith.

"In 1918 a Mrs. Heusser came to the
museum and informed the officials
that she had some papyrus, but an
understanding was not reached until
1947. They were then acquired by
the museum, and then the museum
changed curators of Egyptian antiqui-
ties and the whole subject was for-
gotten.

"When I saw these documents, I
really was taken back. I know the
Mormon community, what it stands
for, its scripture, etc., apd I said at
once that these documents don't be-
long here. They belong to the Mor-
mon Church. Well, of course, the
people in the museum are good friends
of mine, and I tried to tempt them into
ceding the documents to the Church.
I informed my good friend Taza
Peirce, who is executive secretary of
the Salt Lake Council for International
Visitors, and we discussed the manner
in which I should acquaint the Mor-
mon community of the find. She sug-
gested I see President Tanner, and
she was the intermediary who arranged
and attended our first two meetings.
Thereafter, I met directly with Presi-
dent Tanner, who had said the Church
was very, very interested and would do
anything or pay any price for them.
Since that time, we worked quietly
on the possibility of their transference
to the Church.

"In these kinds of things, I never
push. I take my time. With some
kindly persuasions and discussions,
the museum ultimately put a memo-
randum on the subject to the board
of trustees of the museum. This took
a long time to come to that step. The
Board discussed the matter at very
great length, greater length than you
might think, and in the end they
thought that since the museum had
papyri of this nature in plenty, why
should they keep these documents
from the Church?

"When their generous decision was
made, it was telephoned to me by the
curator, and he wrote to me also. Then
we had a lull in the situation, because

the curator had to go to Egypt for a
month in order to arrange final steps
for the transference to the Metropoli-
tan Museum of another treasure, in
which I also had a hand. It concerns
a great temple that is being presented
by the Egyptian government to the
American nation in recognition of the
contributions America has made to-
ward the salvage of the Abyssinian
momunents.

"When the curator came back, he
reported very nicely about the subject
and said, 'The decision has been
taken; your Mormon friends are go-
ing to get these papyri. So, you go
to your friends and the President of
the Church and make the necessary
arrangements for a ceremony.'

"Of course, President Tanner was
just as excited as I was. He reported
to President McKay, who was very
enthusiastic about the project also.
We then decided the way in which
the ceremony would be conducted.

"I felt very honored and very, very
pleased to be in the center of the
picture with such a distinguished per-
son as President Tanner and Mr.
Thomas P. G. Hoving, who is director
of the museum. He's a very important
man, as is his assistant and vice di-
rector, Dr. Joseph Noble. He's a very
fine man. All of them were there,
and to my surprise I found that the
papyri were prepared in a very fine
box for safekeeping.

"But during the morning of that day
I made it a point to go in at an early
hour, long before the meeting of these
magnates, in order to make sure that
the papyri were there — not only the
papyri, because what is of importance
is the document that accompanied the
papyri. It was a faded thing, in nine-
teenth century hand. I found that
the museum had photographed it.
Well, of course, they had tried to
photograph it before, but it wouldn't
show because it was very faded blue
paper. Now they used infra-red and
ultra-violet photography to get the
text out, so that now the photograph
is very much better than the original.

"I was enchanted about the dis-
covery of the papyri, which had been
in the hands of Joseph Smith, but
the discoveries were not ended there.
On the morning of handing over the
papyri, I began looking them up and
down, up and down, and lo! I found
on the back of the paper on which the
papyri were glued writings and maps
and an enumeration of townships and
material of the highest value to Mor-

mon history, made, I thinly, by Joseph
Smith's own hand. Three of the backs
were full of notes and maps, which
have to be studied by the specialists. I
am not a specialist of that, but I have
an eye for original documents, and
these papyri documents ace not fakes;
they are original Egyptian papyri of
a pre-Christian era. They could be
from 3000 B.C. to 300 B.C. — over 300
B.C., at any rate. That is my estimate.
The era will have to be decided by the
specialists.

"I know the kind of ink the Egyp-
tians used and the difference between
the genuine and the fake. Papyrus
writings were usually placed with the
mummy — papyri of many kinds — but
essentially the "Book of the Dead,"
which would give the mummy safe
passage to the world beyond. The
papyri were sometimes colored. You
find papyri like this with blue, gold,
and red colors. This was not out of
the ordinary. With regard to the ink
used, it was generally made of soot
and glue, and that is why it was eter-
nal. I think these scrolls are written
in that kind of ink. Usually the priests
did the writing — they were most
skilled. They used reed pens, and
had to sharpen the reed and split it
in the middle.

"The Egyptians had the papyrus
plant, and they used to split it into
thin layers and put the layers criss-
cross on one another, pound them with
a wooden hammer, and then glue
them together. They cut them to suit
the purposes of the documents they
wanted to write. Usually long strips
were used to make scrolls, and this
one was made in that fashion.

"In order to protect the papyrus,
which becomes brittle with age^for
instance, the head of the person fell
off simply because the papyrus
was brittle — Joseph Smith probably
thought that the best thing for its
protection was to glue it on paper.
When I first discovered these docu-
ments, I was so excited about the
Egyptian writings that I did not look
on the back of the paper, but when I
returned to the museum, I noticed
the writings on the back by Joseph
Smith. These writings may not turn
out to be of very great importance;
however, any footnote one can get in
the restoration of Mormon history is
valuable.

"The exciting part, which has proved
beyond doubt that this was the papyri
that was in Joseph Smith's hand, was
established by that document signed

14

Improvement Era

by his widow. When I saw that, I
had it transcribed and a copy type-
written to show to President Tanner.

"Do you know that this discovery
appeared in the Egyptian press on
the day following the ceremony? On
the first page of the most important
paper! You would be surprised at the
attention that was given to this dis-
covery, and apparently the Egyptians
were very pleased about the revealing
of these documents. I consider it a
great honor to have been able to
make this discovery. Great discoveries
are always accidental, and this one
was as accidental as any discovery I
have made — and probably more excit-
ing than all of them. It was an honor
to have been able to persuade such an
august body as the Metropolitan
Museum to present it to another body
as august as the Mormon Church. I
feel flattered to have been able to do
what I did."

The fact that Dr. Atiya made the
discovery and so energetically attests
to the manuscript's authenticity as
that which Joseph Smith used in part
in the translation of the Book of
Abraham is of no little importance.
Dr. Atiya is a world-recognized
scholar and researcher of Egyptian
and Arabic manuscripts. He was in-
strumental in building the University
of Utah's Middle East Library to what
has been called "perhaps the finest in
its field in America." (The library,
named for Dr. Atiya, was previously
regarded as one of the five finest in
the U.S.) He is one of three Distin-
guished Professors at the university.
He is well-regarded for his lectures
and writings while at the universities
of Michigan, Columbia, Princeton,
Liverpool, London, Bonn, Zurich, Cairo,
and Alexandria. He is the author of
approximately 20 volumes and about
50 monograph articles.

But of lasting importance are his
writings on the Crusades of the Middle
Ages and his studies and writings of
his own Orthodox Coptic religion. He
is also the founder of the Institute of
Coptic Studies in Cairo. In essence,
he is a well-recognized fellow among
the worldwide community of scholars.

It could as well be said of Dr.
Atiya's discovery as that which Parley
P. Pratt said of Joseph's reception of
Egyptian mummies and papyrus in
the first place: "Singular is the provi-
dence by which this ancient record fell
into the hands of the servant of the
Lord, Joseph Smith."

Indeed, the story of how Joseph

Smith received the papyri is very
fascinating, one seemingly filled with
providential direction. Some of the
details are still clouded, although new
research each year seems to divulge
additional bits of information, but the
principle points of the episode are in
general agreement: Napoleon's 1798-
99 conquest of Egypt turned the
world's attention toward the land of
pharaohs, and Egypt was soon over-
run with both scientific expeditions
and robbers of catacombs and ancient
burial sites. One of those early ad-
venturers interested in Egyptian an-
tiquities was a Piedmontese named
Antonio Lebolo, who worked as an
agent for one of the powerful antiquity
barons of the day, Bernardino Drovet-
ti. While in Egypt during what now
appears to be at least as early as 1817,
Lebolo obtained a license to enter the
catacombs in Thebes, Egypt. He dis-
covered a pit tomb near a place called
Gurneh, near Thebes, and found
many mummies therein. He turned
the best of them over to Drovetti but
managed to keep some for himself. He
later left Egypt en route to France
via Trieste with some mummies, 11 of
which eventually reached America.

While on the island of Trieste he
became ill and died. This is believed
to have been in 1823. It has long been
presumed that the mummies Joseph
Smith eventually received were from
Lebolo's find, and that Lebolo willed
them to Michael H. Chandler, who has
been presumed to have been Lebolo's
nephew. But some present-day scholars
question Chandler's relationship to
Lebolo. As early as 1885 N. L. Nel-
son, in an address at Brigham Young
Academy at Provo, said that Chandler
received the mummies from an "Eng-
lish Minister Plenipotentiary." Such a
person might have been Henry Salt,
a famous representative of the crown
in Egypt, who died in 1827. At
any event. Chandler apparently was
thought to be in Ireland, and the
mummies were apparently sent to Ire-
land via London. Chandler's friends re-
directed the mummies to America,
where Chandler was living in Phila-
delphia. The mummies eventually
arrived at the New York City custom-
house.

Scholars have observed that it seems
nothing short of miraculous that the
mummies and their important records
should have safely navigated through
the rough waters of antiquity barons,
catacomb plunderers, dishonest and
rival agents in search of mummies, to

eventually find safe port in the New
York harbor.

In April 1833 Michael H. Chandler
paid the customs duties, took posses-
sion of the 11 mummies, and opened
them. He was disappointed in not
finding jewels or something of great
monetary value, but he did find sev-
eral rolls of papyrus. Providence
seemingly once more entered the
story, for while yet in the custom-
house, Chandler was informed that
there was no man in the city who
could translate the scrolls, "but was
referred, by the same gentleman (a
stranger) , to Mr. Joseph Smith, Jr.,
who, continued he, possesses some kind
of power or gifts, by which he had
previously translated similar char-
acters."

It was more than two years later,
on July 3, 1835, that Chandler met
the Prophet Joseph. During those
years Chandler had exhibited for a
nominal charge the mimimies and
even sold seven of them to private
museums.

According to James R. Clark, a per-
sistent and intelligent student of the
history of our Pearl of Great Price,
apparently a Benjamin Bullock of
Moirie, New York, a nonmember but
a relative of Heber C. Kimball, had
heard of Joseph Smith, and when
Bullock met Chandler, he offered to
take him more than 250 miles by
wagon to Kirtland, Ohio, to meet the
Prophet.

(An interesting sidelight is that as
a result of Bullock's visit to Kirtland,
he returned to his home greatly im-
pressed with Joseph Smith. He took
with him a copy of the Book of Mor-
mon. After he and his wife read it,
they moved west to be with the
Church.)

When they reached Kirtland, Mr.
Chandler asked the Prophet Joseph if
he had the power to translate the
scrolls, and Joseph replied that he
had. The Prophet records that he gave
Chandler an interpretation of some of.
the material on the scrolls.

Mr. Chandler was so impressed that
he wrote a certificate testifying of
Joseph Smith's "deciphering the an-
cient Egyptian hieroglyphic char-
acters" "to correspond in the most
minute matters" with that which
Chandler had learned from "the most
learned."

The Prophet records in his Docu-
mentary History of the Church (Vol.
2, page 236) : "Soon after this, some
of the Saints at Kirtland purchased

January 1968

15

the mummies and papyrus, a descrip-
tion of which will appear hereafter,
and with W. W. Phelps and Oliver
Cowdery as scribes, I commenced the
translation of some of the characters
or hierglyphics, and much to our joy
found that one of the rolls contained
the writings of Abraham, another the
writings of Joseph of Egypt, etc. — a
more full account of which will ap-
pear in its place, as I proceed to
examine or unfold them."

Concerning the four mummies, the
Prophet generally admitted that he
did not know who the mummies were,
although some secondary sources later
reported that the Prophet identi-
fied them as a pharaoh, a queen, a
princess, and a slave. The rolls of
papyrus are known to have been with
one of the female mummies. Concern-
ing the rolls, it has been surmised
that apparently they were original
records or copies of original records
made by Abraham and his grandson
Joseph, and written upon by succeed-
ing record keepers and pharaohs over
several thousand years' duration.

The result is well-known to Latter-
day Saints. The Prophet interpreted
some of the writings on the scrolls,
and this interpretation and facsimiles
1, 2, and 3 make up our present Book
of Abraham. Some present-day schol-
ars think that part of the papyri that
Joseph had in his possession con-
tained an actual primer in the Egyp-
tian alphabet and grammar previously
prepared by its ancient authors for
the benefit of future translators. It is
also known that the Prophet prom-
ised "further extracts from the Book
of Abraham" than those writings that
we already have, but martyrdom cut
short his publication of new materials.
(John Taylor, Times and Seasons,
Feb. 1843.)

At any rate, after the martyrdom
of the Prophet, the mummies and
manuscripts were turned over to
Joseph's mother, Lucy Mack Smith.
At her death in May 1855, the mum-
mies and manuscripts were kept by
Emma Smith Bidamon, with whom
Lucy Mack Smith lived the two years
previous to her death. Emma Smith
Bidamon was the Prophet's widow and
had since married L. C. Bidamon.
Shortly after one year of holding the
mummies and manuscripts, Emma
sold them to a Mr. A. Coombs.

It was this letter of sales to Mr. A.
Coombs, signed by Emma Smith Bida-
mon and dated May 26, 1856, in addi-
tion to the 11 pieces of papyri, that
was found by Dr. Atiya. The letter

reads: "This certifies that we have
sold to Mr. A. Combs four Egyptian
Mummies with the records of them.
This mummies were obtained from the
catacoms of Egypt sixty feet below the
surface of the Earth, by the antiquari-
tan society of Paris & forwarded to
New York & purchased by the Mor-
mon Prophet Joseph Smith at the
price of twenty four hundred dollars
in the year eighteen hundred thirty
five they were highly prized by Mr.
Smith on account of the importance
which attached to the record which
were accidentaly found enclosed in
the breast of one of the Mummies.
From translations by Mr. Smith of
the Records, these Mummies were
found to be the family of Pharo King
of Egypt, they were kept exclusively by
Mr. Smith until his death & since by
the Mother of Mr. Smith notwith-
standing we have had repeated offers
to purchase which have invariably
been refused until her death which
occurred on the fourteenth day of
May last." Signed: "L. C. Bidamon,
Emma Bidamon, Joseph Smith [her
son]. Nauvoo, Hancock Co. Ill, May
26."

The next account of the mummies
appears in the 1859 "St. Louis Mu-
seum Catalogue" and then in the 1863
"Chicago Museum Catalogue," page
42, in which are described two mum-
mies that were "kept by the Prophet's
mother until his death, when the heirs
sold them, and were shortly after
purchased for the Museum."

A great fire destroyed much of Chi-
cago in 1871, and it had been presumed

that the mummies and manuscripts
were burned in that fire, even though
the 1856, 1859, and 1863 catalogues do
not give any information about the two
other mummies or the manuscripts.
Information on the two other mum-
mies and the rest of the papyri manu-
scripts used by the Prophet may yet
come forth in some future day.

The collection recently found by
Dr. Atiya first came to the attention
of the New York Metropolitan Mu-
seum of Art in 1918. Apparently Mr.
A. Coombs had not disposed of all
his purchases made from Emma Smith
Bidamon, because in 1918 a Mrs. Alice
C. Heusser of Brooklyn, New York,
took the recently discovered papyri
and document signed by Emma Smith
to the Metropolitan Museum for
evaluation. Mrs. Heusser was a
daughter of the housekeeper of Mr.
A. Coombs. But the museum did not
buy the collection of papyri until
Edward Heusser, husband of Alice,
finally sold them to the museum in
1947. The papyri have been in the
museum's files since that time.

Thus, the stage was set for the re-
markable discovery of Dr. Atiya.
These pieces of papyrus, only part of
the ones Joseph Smith had in his
possession, are now back in the hands
of the Church. They are a remark-
ably powerful and tangible testimony
to the truthfulness of the Prophet's
clear and simply told story that he had
in his hands some original papyri
documents, some of which he used in
producing the Book of Abraham in the
Pearl of Great Price. O

The official presentation ceremon/es in New York in which President Tanner accepted
papyri from Dr. Thomas P. F. Moving.

16

Improvement Era

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January 1968

17

The Author
and the
Articles

The flood of newly discovered Jewish and Chris-
tian documents that are changing the complexion of
religious studies in our time has been matched by
equally significant, if less spectacular, developments

in an area of no less interest to Latter-day Saints —
that of the religious practices and beliefs of the
Egyptians.

Recent challenges that question the authenticity
of many statements in one of the standard works of
the Church, the Pearl of Great Price, have reopened
an old discussion at a time when fresh discoveries
and interpretations are putting an entirely new face
on the whole problem. Brother Hugh Nibley, who for
many years has been gathering data relevant to the
study of the Facsimiles in the Book of Abraham,
presents in this fascinating series some of the materi-
als that must be considered in the reappraisal of
certain Egyptological aspects of the Pearl of Great
Price for which the time is now ripe.

The reader is warned to be prepared for surprises.
Although Dr. Nibley pulls no punches, he is still
animated by a healthy respect for all qualified

A New Look at the

Pearl of Great Price

By Dr. Hugh Nibley
Part I. Challenge and Response

Unsettled Business— The recent reissuing of Bishop
Franklin S. Spalding's little book, Joseph Smith, Jr., as a
Translator,^ though not meant to revive an old discussion but
rather to extinguish any lingering sparks of it, is nonetheless
a welcome invitation, or rather challenge, to those who take
the Pearl of Great Price seriously, for long experience has
shown that the Latter-day Saints only become aware of
the nature and genius of their modern scriptures when
relentless and obstreperous criticism from the outside forces
them to take a closer look at what they have, with the usual

result of putting those scriptures in a much stronger posi-
tion than they were before. We have all neglected the
Pearl of Great Price for too long, and should be grateful
to those who would now call us to account.

In this introductory study we make no excuse for poking
around among old bones, since others have dug them up
to daunt us; but we should warn them that if they insist
on bringing up the ghosts of the dead, they may soon find
themselves with more on their hands than they had bar-
gained for. A lot of water has gone under the bridge since

18

Improvement Era

Egyptologists, including his own revered instructors,
in the rudiments of the mysteries of hieroglyphics,
and promises to proceed with such caution and dis-
cretion that even they will approve of his methods,
however much they may disagree with his
conclusions.

Dr. Nihley, who is professor of history and reli-
gion at Brigham Young University and who has
been a contributing editor of The Improvement Era
for 22 years, is eminently qualified for the project he
has undertaken. In addition to his familiarity with
things Egyptian, he actively uses the Latin, Greek,
Hebrew, Syriac, Babylonian, Russian, French, Ger-
man, Arabic, and Coptic languages. He is at home
with primary documents and original sources.

Dr. Nibleys writings include nine extended series
of articles in The Improvement Era. His ability has
also received continued recognition in a wide variety

of scholarly journals, including the Classic Journal,
Western Political Quarterly, the Jewish Quarterly
Review, and the Jewish Encyclopedia.

Dr. Nibley received his B.A. in history and the
classics in 1934 from the University of California at
Los Angeles, where he was graduated with high
honors. In 1938 he received his Ph.D. degree from
the University of California at Berkeley, where he
also has done post-doctoral work. He has been a
university fellow in historical research at the Univer-
sity of California at Berkeley, lecturer in history and
social philosophy at Claremont College, and visiting
professor in classical rhetoric at the University of
California.

"A New Look at the Pearl of Great Price" prom-
ises to be one of the most significant series of articles
to appear in the pages of The Improvement Era
in recent years. D.L.G.

One of 11 fragments of papyrus presented to the Church by New
York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. The papyri, once in Joseph
Smith's possession, are being studied.

im, c ■■

IhiU'hh . «ww

1912, and of course many things that were said and written
then with great confidence and finality would have to be
revised today.

On the other hand, a careful survey of the journals will,
we believe, show that the year 1912 saw more significant
studies published in the field than any other year before
or since; Egyptology reached a peak in 1912 — it was the age
of the giants. So if it should now turn out that the giants
were anything but infallible, that should teach us to be
wary of the scholarly dogmatism of our own day.

Nothing could be more retrograde to our desire than to
call up the bearded and frock-coated savants of 1912 to go
through their pompous paces all over again. But it is
others who have conjured up the ghostly jury to testify
against the Prophet; and unless they are given satisfaction,
their sponsors can spread abroad, as they did in Bishop
Spalding's day, the false report that the Scholars have spoken
the final word and "completely demolished" (that was their
expression) for all time the Pearl of Great Price and its
author's claim to revelation.

19

"Of all the attacks on Mormonism, the great campaign of 1912 . . . was the one that should have sue

The silence of the Latter-day Saints in a matter that
Concerns them so vitally can only be interpreted as an
abashed silence, leading many of the world and of the
Saints to conclude that there is nothing to be said in
Joseph Smith's behalf, than which nothing could be further
from the truth. And so the sorry little saga of 1912 must
needs be retold if only to forestall indefinite repetitions of
what happened then as well as in 1845, 1865, and 1903.

The situation today is essentially the same as it was on
all those occasions, with the Mormons, untrained in
Egyptology, helpless to question on technical grounds the
assertions of such experts as Deveria and E. A. W. Budge,
who grandly waved their credentials for all to see, im-
patiently stated their opinions, and then gingerly decamped,
refusing to be led into any discussion with the ignorant
opposition.

And so the debate has never really come to the floor, the
challengers being ever satisfied that the mere sight of their
muscles should be sufficient to settle the issue without a
contest. "These 'experts' have given us a lot of opinions,"
wrote the outsider, R. C. Webb, of the 1912 affair, "which
they have not attempted to prove by authoritative demon-
stration. . . . Wc are concerned wholly with opinion, pure
and simple, and not with anything that may be proved
conclusively."-

For the benefit of those readers who may have forgotten
some of the details of 1912, it may be recalled that Bishop
Spalding asked eight Egyptologists what they thought of
Joseph Smith's interpretation of the Facsimiles in the Pearl
of Great Price. You can imagine what their answers were.
Now let us take it up from there.

The Appeal to Authority — Of all attacks on Mormon-
ism undertaken beneath the banners of science and
scholarship, the great campaign of 1912 conducted by the
Right Reverend F. S. Spaulding, Episcopal bishop of Utah,
was the one that should have succeeded most bril-
liantly. Carefully planned and shrewdly executed, it en-
listed the services of the most formidable roster of scholars
that have ever declared against Joseph Smith as a prophet,
while at the same time loudly professing feelings of nothing
but affection and esteem for the Saints and a real desire
to help them find the light in a spirit of high-minded
dedication to truth at all costs.

Bishop Spalding's grand design had all the ingredients of
quick and sure success but one, and if in spite of it the
Pearl of Great Price is still being read, it is because the

bishop failed to include in his tremendous barrage a single
shell containing an item of solid and relevant evidence. If
he has any other ammunition than names and credentials,
he never uses it — he hurls at the Mormons a cannonade of
titles and opinions, and nothing more. "The authority
of experts in any line of research is always to be accepted
without question, unless there is grave reason to doubt their
conclusion. There is no such reason here."-^ And who is
talking? Spalding's No. 1 expert, a young man who had
just got his degree (not in Egyptology) — he tells us that we
must accept his verdict "without question" because he is an
expert and sees no reason to doubt his conclusions. This is
what we mean by authoritarianism.

But then, who would ever have thought in 1912 that any
other kind of ammunition would be necessary? What was
there to say after the official voice of Scholarship had
spoken? The Mormons did what they could. They pointed
out that equally great authorities had been proven wrong
about the Bible time and again. ^ They called attention
to the brevity and superficiality of the experts' comments:
"This 'inquiry,' " wrote Webb, "has been no inquiry at all
in any real sense. . . . [It] presents merely a medley of
opinions. ... It furnishes absolutely no assistance to
[the] reader. . . ."-^ They noted that the judges approached
their task in a thoroughly hostile state of mind.° When
an editorial in the Church newspaper pointed out in the
most reserved and respectful language that there were indeed
some rather obvious contradictions and discrepancies in the
views of the experts, and that the Mormons might at least
be permitted to ask for "a stay of final judgment," since (as
B. H. Roberts expressed it) "these questions that depend on
special scholarship are questions that require time and re-
search . . . and the conclusions of the learned in such
matters are not as unchangeable as they seem,"" the New
York Times exploded with indignation: ". . . the Deseret
Evening News spent its entire editorial page reviling scholars
and scholarship."" One did not talk back to recognized
scholars — it just wasn't done.

The Deseret News editorial in question pointed out that
the Mormons had some years before already anticipated
Bishop Spalding's investigations by making inquiries on their
own among leading British Egyptologists, which "at least
serves to show that we have not been lax, nor afraid to learn
from whatever light the wisdom of the world might throw
upon the illustrations of the Book of Abraham and their
translation by the Prophet Joseph.""

20

Improvement Era

ceeded most brilliantly."

Two days earlier an editorial in the Deseret News made
a clear statement of policy: "The Latter-day Saints court
inquiry, such as this. They want to know the truth, and
only the truth. There is no important issue that they are
not glad to face, whether presented by friend or foe.""
And in the discussion that followed, the Mormons proved
their good faith and sincerity by printing in the pages of
The Improvement Era the letters of Bishop Spalding and
his supporters, without deletion and without comment,
along with those of the Latter-day Saints defending Joseph
Smith.

There was no such dialogue in the non-Mormon period-
icals in which Dr. Spalding published, including his own
Utah newspaper, The Utah Survey; in spite of his con-
stant protests of impartiality and intellectual integrity, only
his own and like opinions ever appeared there. '^^

The Mormon writers, moreover, never claimed any such
religious immunity as might have been conceded to Joseph
Smith as a spiritual leader, but always insisted on arguing
the case on its merits: "I allow the bishop all his claims to
the dire results to 'Mormonism' " wrote B. H. Roberts, "if
he can, to the point of demonstration, make his case good
against Joseph Smith as a translator."^- Bishop Spalding's
scholarly band, on the other hand, most emphatically did
claim immunity — to question them was to "revile" that
noble thing called Scholarship, and that was the secret of
their strength.

When Dr. S. A. B. Mercer, a hustling young clergyman
who ran interference for the bishop throughout the game,
summed up the case for the prosecution, his argument made
a perfect circle: "The failure of the Mormon replies," he
wrote, "is explained by the fact that the unanimous opinion
of the scholars is unassailable. In the judgment of the
scholarly world, therefore, Joseph Smith stands condemned
of self-deception or imposition."^^

Who said that the Mormon reply had "failed"? Mercer
did, to be sure. Here we see the great convenience of per-
mitting the attorney for the prosecution to act as judge.
Dr. Mercer announces that the Mormon replies to him and
his colleagues have failed — because he says so. And what
he says must be so because his colleagues agree wath him.

When the Mormons pointed out that there was anything
but unanimous agreement among the colleagues, Mercer
sternly overruled them, explaining that where any ordinary
person might find the disagreements rather obvious, "to
the expert there is here no discrepancy."^^ Only one
had to be an Egyptologist to see it that way. That is why

when B. H.- Roberts was pressing Dr. Mercer pretty hard,
the latter overruled him too, with the observation that
the source of the difficulties in the case of Mr. Roberts,
"is to be found in the fact that the writer is a layman in
things Egyptian."^-' What Mercer's explanation amounts
to, as R. C. Webb observes, is the argument "in effect,
that scholars in his department can make no mistakes, "^'^
or, in Mercer's own words, that their opinions are "un-
assailable." How can one discuss an "unassailable"
opinion? One can't — that is just the point; the issue is
closed; no debate is intended or possible.

In his final letter. Dr. Mercer divides the opposition into
three classes: "First, intelligent and fair-minded Mormons,"
namely, those who do not challenge the scholars in any
way; "secondly biased Mormons (perhaps unconsciously),"
that is. Mormons guilty of pro-Mormon leanings, including
B. H. Roberts, John A. Widtsoe, John Henry Evans, and
J. M. Sjodahl — in fact, all who have presumed to question
the verdict of the experts. Fortunately for Mercer, all their
remarks can be summarily stricken from the record, since
they are "very ignorant in respect to the subject they pre-
tend to criticise" — it is not for them under any circumstances
to talk back; they are all out of order. Dr. Mercer's third
class is "biased and ignorant gentiles," being any such as
may be inclined to give ear to the Mormon replies.^"

And so the doctors must be allowed to sit in judgment
on their own case because no one else is qualified; and if
they should happen to decide in favor of themselves, why,
there is just nothing we can do about it, since their exper-
tise is far beyond the reach of the layman, placing them in
fact "at the intellectual summit of the universe" by the
ancient professional mystery of "autodeification in the order
of knowing."^ ^

This arrangement is basic to the prosperity of most of
the learned professions. Long ago the Jesuits devised a spe-
cial vocabulary and a special discipline of theology which,
they announced, only one of their faith could really under-
stand; for any outsider to risk criticism of anything they
chose to propound in that recondite jargon could only be
the sheerest folly, as Arnold Lunn reminded the great scien-
tist J. B. S. Haldane when the latter ventured to point out
certain weaknesses in his theology.^" But then the scien-
tists have played the same game for all it is worth. Thus,
when "the main objections [to the evolutionary hypothesis]
were clearly stated in its very early days," they were quickly
overruled because "most of them came from people who
were not trained biologists. . . . Their objections could be

January 1968

21

"To this day no one has come to grips with the Pearl of Great Price"

countered summarily on the grounds of ignorance, despite In this case the answer is — everything. Dr. Mercer

the fact that Darwin's hypothesis appealed so largely to the frankly admits that he and the other scholars "did not seem

evidence of common observation and experience. "-° Com- to take the matter very seriously," and devoted very little

men observation and experience, no matter how clear and time to it indeed: ". . . the haste was justified in the minds

convincing, were no match for official credentials. of the scholars by the simplicity of the task. Even less time

Even while Sir Gavin de Beer boasts that "the founda- could be expected."-"

tion principle of science is that it concerns itself exclusively Elsewhere he explains the perfunctory treatment of the

with what can be demonstrated, and does not allow itself whole thing: "They probably felt as I did, that their time

to be influenced by personal opinions or sayings of any- was too valuable to spend on such scientific work as that

body. . . . The motto of the Royal Society of London is of Joseph Smith's guesses."-" Whatever the reason, they

Nullus in verba: we take no man's word for anything,"-^ never intended to do any real work, but depended entirely

he is guilty of seeking to overawe or at least impress us on their credentials to see the thing through,

with the authority of men of "science" in general and of ^ word from such great men should be enough to settle

the Royal Society of London (all stand, please) in par- anything, but still we insist on appealing to the slogan of

ticular. the Royal Society. Many eminent scientists, in fact, are

Just so, in the Spalding discussion "the prosecution rests today calling attention to the crippling effect of appeal to

its case on the reputations and standing of its wit- authority and position in science, a professional compla-

nesses. . . ."-- "In compiling the pamphlet," wrote the cency that "may in fact be the closing of our eyes to as yet

bishop in his summing-up, "I made no claim to a knowledge undiscovered factors which may remain undiscovered for

of Egyptology. I merely wrote an introduction to the many years if we believe that the answer has been already

opinions of scholars. In a matter of this kind most of us found."-'' Thus a great biologist reminds us that "it is

must form our judgment from the opinion of competent important to combat the assumption" that we know what

experts."-^ Thus he echoes the opinion of his No. 1 expert, primitive conditions of life were like (every scientist knew

cited above, who gracefully returns the compliment, noting that in 1912), since "as long as this is assumed, insufficient

that after all, it was the good bishop's opinion that in the effort will be put into the attempt to find ways to obtain

end would settle all disputes: "The advisers of the Bishop genuine evidence."-''

proved to his satisfaction" that glaring contradictions of the Now, part of the secret of the unusual productivity of the

judges did not really exist, "that there were no such differ- Egyptologists of 1912 was a buoyant adolescent confidence

ences. The apparent discrepancies were proved not to be jn their own newly found powers, which present-day

real." Thus Spalding's chief adviser declares that his scholars may envy, but which they can well do without —

advisers, by satisfying the bishop that all was well, had there is something decidedly sophomoronic in their lofty

brought the issue to its final and satisfactory conclusion, pretensions to have plumbed the depths of the human past

binding all thinking men to accept and share his opinion.-^ after having taken a few courses, read a few texts (bristling

Thus reassured. Bishop Spalding proceeded to demolish ^vith question marks), and broken bread with the learned

R. C. Webb: "We feel that we should be in a better position at a dig or two. Their inexpressible contempt for Joseph

to judge the value of the opinions of Robert C. Webb, PhD Smith as an ignorant interloper is a measure of their pride

... if we were told definitely who he is. . . . If in their own achievement.

Dr. Talmage . . . would inform us what the author's real in 1912 the Egyptologist T. E. Peet took to task all lay-
name is, where he received his degree, and what academic men who "mistrust a process in which they see a critic
position he holds, we should be better able to estimate assign half a verse to Source E and the other half to Source
the value of his opinions."=^= Here it is again: The bishop j." Time has more than vindicated the skeptical laymen,
is not interested in Webb's arguments and evidence, but in but in those days Dr. Peet laid it on the line: "Have these
his status and rank — considerations that are supposed to people followed the developments of modern philology and
bear no weight whatever with honest searchers after truth — do they realize that the critics ... are men whose whole
Nullus in verba! What on earth have a man's name, degree, lives are devoted to the study of such problems, and whose
academic position, and, of all things, opinions, to do with knowledge of Hebrew and of the Semitic languages in gen-
whether a thing is true or not? eral is so great that the differences of style ... are as patent

22 Improvement Era

Coffins similar to these may
have housed mummies bought
by Joseph Smith.

to them as they would he in English to a layman?"-"'^
Professor Peet would have done well to harken to what
Bishop Spalding's own star witness, Professor A. H. Sayce,
had written some years hefore:

"How then is it possible for the European scholars of
today to analyse an old Hebrew book into its component
parts . . .? Hebrew is a language that is very imperfectly
known; it has long ceased to be spoken; only a fragment
of its literature has come down to us, and that often in a
corrupt state; and the meaning of many of the words which
have survived, and even of the grammatical forms, is un-
certain and disputed. In fact, it is just this fragmentary and
imperfect knowledge of the language which has made the
work and results of the higher critics possible. The 'critical'
analysis of the Pentateuch is but a measure of our ignorance
and the limitations of our knowledge. . . . With a fuller
knowledge we would come to a recognition of the futility
of the task."^'

Subsequent discoveries have proven him quite right, but
Sayce 's early protest was a voice in the wilderness. Soon
the higher critics were having it all their own way, and
none ran more eagerly with them than Sayce himself.
B. H. Roberts, a personal friend of Spalding's, admitted
that the bishop held the whip handle: "I think the bishop
is entitled to have it known by those reading these 'remarks'
how eminent is the jury pronouncing in the case against
the 'Mormon' Prophet. . . . One who can lay no claim to
the learning of Egypt at first hand, . . . may well pause
before such an array of Egyptologists. ... In their presence
it is becoming in me, and all others unschooled in ancient
Egyptian lore, to speak with modesty and behave with
becoming deference."''-

One may wonder how an admittedly unqualified party
could pass on such recondite qualifications in others, but
it is the credentials of the specialists that impress Brother
Roberts, not their knowledge, which he is in no position to
judge. Faced by a solid phalanx of PhD's, the Mormons
were properly overawed; they had no David to go against
these Goliaths, and for that they had only themselves to
blame.

The Mormons Default — From the first the Latter-day
Saints had good reason to expect the Pearl of Great Price
to come in for some rough treatment. "Here, then," wrote
Parley P. Pratt in 1842, "is another subject for the Gentile
world to stumble at, and for which to persecute the
Saints. . . ."^^ Within three years of that remark the world
was firing the same scholarly blasts against the Facsimiles

and demolishing their claims with the same devastating
finality as was to delight the intellectuals again in 1865,
1912, and today.

The figures in the Facsimiles, it was announced in 1845,
were "familiar and now understood," and it served Joseph
Smith right for "confidently defying inevitable exposure,"
now that "the Champollions of the Bibliotheque de Rei
[sic] and the British Museum" had the subject well in
hand. It was already apparent to the learned that "the
whole thing is too gross to bear patiently, too painful to
laugh at. . . ."•'' That should have settled the matter, but
the Mormons were not convinced and \\ould have done well
in undertaking some study of Egyptian on their own.

Again and again Joseph Smith and Brigham Young had
pointed the way for the Latter-day Saints to prepare them-
selves for just such eventualities, pleading with them to
take heed to themselves and use their brains. Even during
the grim days of December 1844, the leaders of the Church
"advise [d] the Elders to get up schools, that all . . . might
be taught in the branches of education, and prepare them-
selves, that the least might be fully competent, to correspond
with the wise men of the world. "■^'' They were to meet the
scholars of the world on their own grounds; but instead of
that, human nature saw fit to expend its energies else-
where: "There are hundreds in this community," said
Brigham Young in 1860, "who are more eager to become
rich in the perishable things of this world than to adorn
their minds with the power of self-government, and with a
knowledge of things as they were, as they are, and as they
are to come,"'"' and he rebukes the Saints for being satisfied
"to remain fixed with a very limited amount of knowledge,
and, like a door upon its hinges, move to and fro from one
year to another without anv visible advancement or im-

January 1968

23

provement, lusting after the grovelling things of this life
which perish with the handling."^^

Those Latter-day Saints who have gone on to higher
studies have either pursued the physical and biological
sciences or coveted bread-and-butter certificates that have
rendered them all the more subservient to mere office and
authority. To this day no one has engaged in the type of
study necessary to come to grips with the Pearl of Great
Price, though that great book openly invites such study:
"If the world can find out these numbers, so let it be.
Amen."

Up to the present, all studies of the Pearl of Great Price
without exception have been in the nature of auxiliary
studies — compendiums, historical background, etc. — or pre-
liminary surveys.''^ In 1879 George Reynolds noted that
in spite of all provocation, "very little has ever been said
by the Elders of the Church in advocacy of its claims as
an inspired record," and that while "outsiders have vigo-
rously attacked it . . . styled its language 'gibberish,' and
classed it among the 'pious frauds' . . . the people of God
have said or written little in its defense. . . ."^^ His own
book furnishes a clear demonstration of just why the Saints
had never been able to get off the ground — they just didn't
have the knowledge.

The authors of a long procession of articles in the Era
in 1912, 1913, 1914, and 1917 frankly admitted their igno-
rance, and pleaded that they had been caught by surprise.
Their studies are nonetheless by far the best to appear to
date; the books, articles, and master's theses turned out since
then have largely repeated what they had to say, with per-
haps an item or two added to the bibliographies where it
was felt necessary to justify a degree in the seven arts. Even
the extensive labors of James R. Clark, valuable as they are,
are all of an introductory nature, clearing the decks as it
were for the real action to come.

Full-scale college and extension courses, graduate semi-
nars, Churchwide lecture series, stately public symposiums,
books, pamphlets, monographs, newsletters, and articles, all
done up in fancy bindings usually adorned with reproduc-
tions of the Facsimiles from the Pearl of Great Price or
with faked Egyptian symbols to intrigue and beguile the
public, have all failed to get beyond the starting point of
the race, which after all must be run on the long hard
obstacle course of Egyptian grammar and epigraphy and not
on the lecture platform. The Mormons, it seems, have gone
all out for the gimmicks and mechanics of education, but
have never evinced any real inclination to tackle the tough,
basic questions of evidence raised by the Pearl of Great
Price.

A new school of interpretation some years ago attempted
to meet the challenge to and of the Pearl of Great Price by
the face-saving thesis that the Book of Abraham was not
written in Egyptian after all, but in "some Semitic lan-
guage," and hailed this shifting of the discussion to more

familiar grounds as putting "Book of Abraham investiga-
tion on a more sound and scholarly basis. "'*° But no
studies were forthcoming on the new foundation save a few
"primarily for the laymen . . . making no claim of being
. . . learned or scientific."^^ How, the ingenuous student
may ask, can any study hope to be "sound and scholarly"
without being at least a little learned and scientific? One
should not enter the arena unless one is willing to meet
more formidable opposition than the gullible student and
tractable layman.

(To be continued)

FOOTNOTES

^Franklin S. Spalding, Joseph Smith, Jr., As a Translator (Salt Lake City: The
Arrow Press, 1912); reprinted by the National Council of the Protestant
Episcopal Church (New York: Church Missions House, 1915); photomechanical
reprint, Salt Lake City: Modern Microfilm Company, 1965.

"Robert C. Webb (J. C. Homans), in The Improvement Era, Vol. 16 (1913),
p. 1077.

^S. A. B. Mercer, The Utah Survey (published monthly by the Social Service
Commission of the Episcopal Church in Utah), Vol. 1 (September 1913), No. 1,
p. 30.

■•e.g., an editorial in the Deseret Evening News, Dec. 17, 1912, p. 4, and
J. M. Sjodahl, in The Improvement Era (hereafter designated as Era), Vol. 16
(1913), p. 326. The high critics erred egregiously especially where Egypt was
concerned: "Dr. Von Bohlen, the honored co-laborer with Gesenius and De
Wette, gave long chapters to the easy task of proving from overwhelming
classical testimony that the Bible blundered almost every time it mentions an
Egyptian custom. According to this great scholar, the statement that the
Egyptians built with brick in ancient times, used asses, cultivated the vine, and
used costly materials in such constructions as the ark and the tabernacle, proved
that the author of the Pentateuch was 'an absolute stranger to Egypt.' " C. H. S.
Davis, Ancient Egypt in the Light of Modern Discoveries (Meriden, Conn.,
1892), p. 311.

"Robert C. Webb, in Era, Vol. 17 (1914), p. 313, commenting on an article
in the Survey magazine of November 1913. Webb notes, in the Era, Vol. 16,
p. 435, that after the great promises made before its publication, Spalding's
book has turned out disappointingly thin and skimpy.

"N. L. Nelson, in the Era, Vol. 16, pp. 606f, was more outspoken than the
others: "... a jury of Gentiles, prefudiced, ill-tempered and mad with the
pride of human learning."

''B. H. Roberts, in Deseret News, Dec. 19, 1912, p. 11; cf. Junius F. Wells.
ibid., p. 4. The editorial to which the Times referred was of Dec. 17, 1912, p. 4.

>^The New York Times Magazine, Part 5, Sunday, Dec. 29, 1912.

"J. F. Wells, in Deseret News, Dec. 19, 1912, p. 4.

^"Deseret News, Dec. 17, 1912, p. 4.

J^Bishop Spalding's attacks in The Spirit of the Mission, October 1912,
are cited by R. C. Webb in the Era, Vol. 17, pp. 565ff; S. A. B. Mercer's long
attack in Spalding's own paper, The Utah Survey, Vol. 1 (Sept. 1913), pp. 3-36,
has been reprinted photomechanically along with the Spalding book. Salt Lake
City: Modern Microfilm Co., 1965.

«B. H. Roberts, Era, Vol. 16, p. 310.

"Samuel A. B. Mercer, Utah Survey, Vol. 1, p. 36.

"7iid., pp. 17-18.

^■•Ibid., p. 25.

"Robert C. Webb, Era, Vol. 17, p. 316: "In the Spalding literature the public
has been thoroughly indoctrinated on the sufficiency of scholarly opinions,
which, as we read, are 'always accepted without question unless there is grave
reason to doubt.' " Italics added.

I'Mercer, The Utah Survey, Vol. 1 (1913), pp. 12-13.

i^C. R. Dechert, in International Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 5 (1965),
pp. 32f.

^"Arnold Lunn, Science and the Supernatural; A Correspondence Between Ar-
nold Lunn and J. B. S. Haldane (New York, 1935), and The Flight from Reason
(New York: Dial Press, 1931), Ch. xi.

-OR. Good, The Listener, May 7, 1959, p. 797.

-^Sir Gavin de Beer, The Listener, July 3, 1958.

2^'Robert C. Webb, Era, Vol. 16, p. 435.

-•■'F. S. Spaulding, Utah Survey, Vol. 1, p. 3.

=^Mercer, op. cit.. Vol. 1, p. 30.

^Spalding, loc. cit.

"^Mercer, op. cit., pp. 7, 30.

JJ'Samuel A. B. Mercer, Era, Vol. 16, p. 613.

"*G. A. Kerkut, Implications of Evolution (Oxford, New York: Pergamon
Press), p. 195.

2»N. Pirie, in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1959, p. 373.

^T. E. Peet, Egypt and the Old Testament (Liverpool University Press,
1922), p. 30.

^^A. H. Sayce, Monuments, Facts and Higher Critical Fancies (4th ed., Lon-
don, 1910), p. 19. The first edition was 1894.

3=^B. H. Roberts, Era, Vol. 16, pp. 310-11.

saparley P. Pratt, The Millennial Star, Vol. 3 (1842), p. 47.

^iRditorial in Warsaw Signal, Sept. 19, 1845, p. 2.

'^Brigham Young History, Dec. 15, 1844 (ms. in the Church Historian's Office,
Salt Lake City).

^«Brigham Young, Journal of Discourses, Vol. 8 (1860), p. 9.

'''Ibid., Vol. 10 (1863), p. 266.

'^''^This will become immediately clear to one inspecting James R. Clark's
Pearl of Great Price Bibliography (Provo: BYU Extension Publications, 1965),
every single item of which deals only incidentally and peripherally with the
basic issues of authenticity raised by the Facsimiles.

^''George Reynolds, The Book of Abraham (Salt Lake City: Deseret News
Publishing Co., 1879), p. 1.

^oCharles E. Haggerty, A Study of the Book of Abraham (BYU Thesis, 1946),
pp. 83-84.

*mid., p. 82.

24

Improvement Era

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Photograph above shows an apparent map that was drawn on recently rediscovered in the Metropolitan Museum of Art and pre-
backing paper to which was attached one of pieces of papyrus sented to the Church.

Eternal Gifts

By Susan Broschinsky
Age 19

1] I were an inventor

And I could invent,

The thing I'd invent loould be

Something as deep and as strong and as
pure as the tide coming in from the sea.

If I were a painter
And I could paint.
The painting that I would do

Is to blend all the beauty of God's lovely
Earth with the radiant freshness of dew.

If I were a musician
And I could compose.
The music I would bring

Is the joy from the birds and the babbling
brook and the chapel bells tvhen they ring.

If I were a speaker
And I could speak,
The words that I woidd say

Would come from the soft whispering breezes
at the tender ivaking of day.

And all of these things that I would have,
even though they be so few,
Vd carefully wrap in eternal truth, and
then I would give them to you.

January 1968

25

By 1985 Church

Meeting the Needs

of a

Growing Church

Elder Harold B. Lee

Of the Council of the Twelve

• I suppose that I would speak the
mind of all of us when we would say
to President McKay that the greeting
that he gave us at the commencement
of the conference yesterday was prob-
ably one of the most uplifting things
that will be said during the entire con-
ference. Where the President is, there
is strength, and to know that he is with
us and is presiding is a strength to the
entire Church.

I wonder if I might be pardoned for
a little personal reference tonight. I am
mindful of the fact that it has been a
whole year since I stood before a gen-
eral conference in this pulpit. During
the last six-month period I have gone
through some painful experiences that
kept me from being in the conference,
and I was aware that my life could
have been terminated at that time. I
became conscious then, through the
ministrations of wonderful doctors,
skilled nurses, and most of all the love
and prayers and faith of my family
and the members of the Church, that
my ministry had been continued for a
longer period here. And so with joy
and thanksgiving in my heart tonight,
I return to my ministry with a pledge
that my life and my energies will be
devoted to this glorious service that has
been and will be my whole life.

I am aware that I have had to sub-
mit to some tests, some severe tests,
before the Lord, I suppose to prove me
to see if I would be willing to submit
to all things whatsoever the Lord sees
fit to inflict upon me, even as a little
child does submit to its father.

We were touched by Brother Hinck-
ley's impressive talk this afternoon in
which he told about the couple who
had been sealed just prior to the hus-
band's leaving for battle in Vietnam,
and they said to each other, "I am
yours, and you are mine forever."

On two sacred occasions I too had to
stand by and bear my witness, "You
are mine, and I am yours forever."

God grant that I will not fail my
Heavenly Father nor you, my beloved
brethren of the priesthood of God.

President McKay has asked me to
talk to the priesthood of the Church
tonight on correlation. My prayer is,
President McKay, that I may discharge
this assignment as you would have
desired me to do; and so with that
assignment, and if I might have in-
terest in your faith and prayers tonight,
I will attempt to say what I should say
of the great movement known as the
Correlation Program, which was
launched by the First Presidency in a
letter seven years ago to the general
priesthood committee. I shall read
from that letter:

"We of the First Presidency have
over the years felt the need of a cor-
relation between and among the
courses of study put out by the General
Priesthood Committee and by the re-
sponsible heads of other Committees of
the General Authorities for the instruc-
tion of the Priesthood of the Church.

"We have also felt the very urgent
need of a correlation of studies among
the Auxiliaries of the Church. We have
noted what seemed to be a tendency
toward a fundamental, guiding con-
cept, particularly among certain of the
Auxiliary Organizations, that there
must be every year a new course of
study for each of the Auxiliary organi-
zations so moving. We questioned
whether the composite of all of them
might not tend away from the develop-
ment of a given line of study or activity
having the ultimate and desired objec-
tive of building up a knowledge of the
gospel, a power to promulgate the
same, a promotion of the growth, faith,
and stronger testimony of the princi-
ples of the Gospel among the members
of the Church. . . .

"We think that the contemplated
study by the Committee now set up
should have the foregoing matters in
mind. We feel assured that if the

Address given at the general priesthood meeting September 30, 1967.

whole Church curricula were viewed
from the vantage point of what we
might term the total purpose of each
and all of these organizations, it would
bring about such a collation and limi-
tation of subjects and subject matters
elaborated in the various Auxiliary
courses as would tend to the building
of efficiency in the Auxiliaries them-
selves in the matter of carrying out the
purposes lying behind their creation
and function.

"We would therefore commend to
you Brethren of the General Priesthood
Committee the beginning of an ex-
haustive, prayerful study and consider-
ation of this entire subject, with the
cooperative assistance of the Auxiliaries
themselves so that the Church might
reap the maximum harvest from the
devotion of the faith, intelligence,
skill, and knowledge of our various
Auxiliary Organizations and Priesthood
Committees.

"This is your authority to employ
such necessary technical help as you
might need to bring this about. We
shall await your report.

"Faithfully your brethren,

David O. McKay

J. Reuben Clark, Jr.

Henry D. Moyle

The First Presidency"

In that same letter they called atten-
tion to the fact that the membership of
the Church might be divided into three
groups: the children's group, under 12
years of age; the youth group, from 12
to the 20's; and the adults, from the
youth group on through life.

That is what set us to a study of
this whole plan that we now speak of
as correlation. In our study we came
across another prophetic statement
that has been read before, but I read
it now as a part of this presentation in
order to tie the matter all together.

At the April conference in 1906,
Presidejit Joseph F. Smith made this
statement:

"We expect to see the day, if we live
long enough (and if some of us do not
live long enough to see it, there are
others who will), when every council
of the Priesthood in the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints will
understand its duty; will assume its
own responsibility, will magnify its
calling, and fill its place in the
Church, to the uttermost, according to
the intelligence and ability possessed
by it. When that day shall come, there
will not be so much necessity for work
that is now being done by the auxiliary
organizations, because it will be done
by the regular quorums of the Priest-
hood. The Lord designed and compre-
hended it from the bescinning, and he

26

Improvement Era

membership may be 7.7 million: 1,000 stakes, 10,000 wards, 186 missions.

has made provision in the Church
whereby every need may be met and
satisfied through the regular organiza-
tions of the Priesthood. It has truly
been said that the Church is perfectly
organized. The only trouble is that
these organizations are not fully alive
to the obligations that rest upon them.
When they become thoroughly awak-
ened to the requirements made of
them, they will fulfil their duties more
faithfully, and the work of the Lord
will be all the stronger and more pow-
erful and influential in the world."
{Conference Report, April 1906, p. 3.)

An organization was set up under
the direction of the First Presidency
following that assignment seven years
ago, and seven members of the Twelve
and the Presiding Bishop were named
as the Correlation Executive Commit-
tee. It should be understood when we
say executive committee that the Cor-
relation Committee in total includes
the First Presidency and the Council of
the Twelve Apostles. We then con-
sidered ourselves a task committee to
bring all our work to that body whom
we represented for final approval.

Three correlation committees were
set up; the children's correlation com-
mittee; the youth correlation commit-
tee; and the adult correlation com-
mittee, with aides or editorial boards
for curriculum study and lessons for
family home teaching. Also appointed
were managing directors for four phases
of priesthood activity: home teaching,
missionary, welfare, and genealogy.
These directors were three Assistants to
the Twelve and one of the presidents
of the First Council of the Seventy,
with one of the members of the execu-
tive committee as the chairman of the
group working with these managing
directors.

We then called to our aid profes-
sionally trained men to be our general
secretaries. These men, trained in edu-
cational work, preferred not to be paid
employees. They asked to make this
contribution to the Church on their
own time and without cost, and to
continue their teaching roles at the
universities where they were employed.
There are also others of our secretarial
staff whose work relates to correlation.

We therefore have set ourselves,
under the direction of and with the
help of these aides, to the monumental
task of correlating all the curricula in
all Church organizations, and to a
continuing study of correlation prob-
lems for action of the First Presidency
and the Twelve. This organization has
been in effect for these seven years.

Some developments have been out-
wardly observed by the membership
of the Church. I call these to your

attention so that you will have them
in mind.

The first step that was made was to
place the priesthood in the place
where the Lord had placed it: to watch
over the Church.

In the Doctrine and Covenants,
Section 20, the Lord said:

"The teacher's duty is to watch over
the church always, and be with and
strengthen them;

"And see that there is no iniquity in
the church, neither hardness with
each other, neither lying, backbiting,
nor evil speaking;

"And see that the church meet to-
gether often, and also see that all the
members do their duty." (D&C 20:53-
55.)

This, you will note by careful read-
ing of this great revelation in its en-
tirety, was to apply to the whole
priesthood of the Church.

The name of home teaching was
given to this movement, to distinguish
it from ward teaching. When this was
discussed with President McKay, some
suggested we should call them watch-
men— "priesthood watchmen" — but the
President wisely counseled that we had
better not let the membership of the
Church think of the priesthood as de-
tectives, that it would be better to call
them the priesthood home teachers.

The genealogical representatives
called our attention to the fact that
home teachers was the title they gave
to their genealogical workers in the
wards. The President then advised that
these genealogical workers be called
family teachers, a name that is more
descriptive of the work of genealogical
visitors to the homes in each w^ard.

Home teaching, in essence, means
that we consider separately each indi-
vidual member of the family who
constitutes the entire home personnel.
Home teaching, as distinguished from
ward teaching, is to help the parents
with home problems in their efforts to
teach their families the fundamentals
of parental responsibility, as contrasted
with merely bringing a message, a gos-
pel message, to the entire family.
Quorum leaders were given the respon-
sibility of selecting, training, and
supervising quorum members in visit-
ing with and teaching assigned fami-
lies of their own quorum members.

Presidents or group leaders of each
Melchizedek Priesthood quorum and
general secretaries of Aaronic Priest-
hood— Adult and Youth were then
brought togetlier in what were called
"priesthood executive committees."
Once a week this committee, bringing
together representatives of every priest-
hood group, has been meeting with the
bishopric, and there have been corre-

lated and discussed all problems per-
taining to the priesthood. Here is a
teaching opportunity for the bishop to
train the leaders of each priesthood
group in his ward.

Greater emphasis on the teaching of
the children in the home by the par-
ents was brought forth in what we call
the family home evening program.
This w^as not new. Fifty years ago it
was given emphasis; and as we went
back into history, we found that in the
last epistle \\'ritten to the Church by-
President Brigham Young and his
counselors, it was urged that parents
bring their children together and teach
them the gospel in the home frequent-
ly. So family home evening has been
urged ever since the Church was estab-
lished in this dispensation. Six hun-
dred and fifty thousand family home
evening manuals with lessons for each
week have been prepared and placed
in the hands of every parent through-
out the Church. Each year's theme of
the home evening lessons has been
correlated with the Melchizedek Priest-
hood and the Relief Society lessons,
and this year the Sunday School gen-
eral board has instituted a special class
each week for parents to aid in their
weekly family home evening and to
help prepare the parents to be better
teachers of their children.

Plans were laid early in this dispen-
sation to meet the challenge of antici-
pated growth as indicated by the
scriptures and by prophetic utterances
of presidents of the Church. President
McKay gave us the key to our search
for what we should do in these matters.
In discussing a matter pertaining to
the missions, he said this: "Now in
changing our policy here, let us keep
as near as we can to the revelations of
the Lord, and we will never be wrong
if we do that." That sounds like good
logic, doesn't it?

That injunction from the President
took us into a study of all that the
Lord has said about the place of
the priesthood and how it should
operate in the kingdom. We found
what the Lord said about the \\'ork of
the Twelve:

"The Twelve are a Traveling Pre-
siding High Council, to officiate in the
name of the Lord, under the direction
of the Presidency of the Church, agree-
able to the institution of heaven; to
build up the church, and regulate all
the affairs of the same in all nations,
first unto the Gentiles, and secondly
unto the Jews." (D&C 107:33.)

About the Severity the Lord said: "It
is the duty of the traveling high coun-
cil to call upon the Seventy, when they
need assistance, to fill the several calls
for preaching and administering the

January 1968

27

Sacrament meeting attendance rose from 21% in 1921 to 36% in 1965— but

gospel, instead of any others." (D&C
107:38.)

I think you will see in what has
gone forward in the last few years that
now as never before in our recollection,
the seventies have been given a major
role in the missionary work of the
Church. Perhaps the door has opened
as widely as it has ever been for the
work of the seventies, and we thank the
Lord for the work of our leaders in the
seventies quorums.

Now to support what the First
Presidency's message has already said
about others who would be called as
leaders: "Whereas other officers of the
church, who belong not unto the
Twelve, neither to the Seventy, are not
under the responsibility to travel
among all nations, but are to travel as
their circumstances shall allow, not-
withstanding they may hold as high
and responsible offices in the church."
(D&C 107:98.)

That would allow, besides those
mentioned, a place for the Assistants
to the Twelve.

Then we found another scripture
that had significance. It has always
been there, but we had never read this
scripture as we saw it now. The Lord
said in the 84th section of the Doctrine
and Covenants (this is to the Twelve) :

"Therefore, go ye into all the world;
and unto whatsoever place ye cannot
go ye shall send, that the testimony
may go from you into all the world
unto every creature.

"And as I said unto mine apostles,
even so I say unto you, for you are
mine apostles, even God's high priests;
ye are they whom my Father hath
given me; ye are my friends." (D&C
84:62-63.)

Where we couldn't go, then, the
Lord has said, "Send," that the testi-
mony, your testimony, might by those
you send be brought to every creature
throughout the world.

Soon after the death of President
Young, President John Taylor and the
Twelve took over the presiding au-
thority of the Church for approximately
three years before President Taylor was
sustained as the President of the
Church. In a message to the Church
at that time, two or three things were
said to which I would like to call your
attention:

"The keys of the kingdom are still
right here with the Church . . . the
holy Priesthood and Apostleship, which
He restored to the earth, still remain
to guide and govern, and to administer
ordinances to the Church which He
has established. Our beloved brother
Brigham Young has gone from us to
join the Prophet Joseph and the host
of the holy and the pure who are be-

hind the veil; but we do not therefore
lose the benefit of his labors. He is now
in a position to do more for that work
which he loved so well, and for which
he labored so ardently, than he could
possibly do in the flesh; and that work
will roll onward with increased power
and accelerated speed." (Messages of
the First Presidency, Vol. 2, p. 299.)

And then they quoted from the
Prophet Joseph Smith's instructions the
following:

"The Twelve are not subject to any
other than the First Presidency, viz:
myself, Sidney Rigdon, and Frederick
G. Williams, who are now my coun-
selors (and where I am not there is no
First Presidency over the Twelve)."

After the death of the Prophet Jo-
seph, President Young, in speaking to
the Saints, said: ". . . Here are the
Twelve, appointed by the finger of
God, who hold the keys of the Priest-
hood, and the authority to set in order
and regulate the Church in all the
world." (Ibid.)

Then there followed a statement
which indicated that there was some
tendency to look back to the previous
administration and think what the
Prophet Joseph might have done had
he been there. President Brigham
Young and his counselors wrote this
in their closing epistle to the Church:

"Here is Elder Amasa Lyman and
older Sidney Rigdon; they were coun-
cillors in the first presidency, and they
arc councillors to the Twelve still; if
they keep their places; but if either
wishes to act as 'spokesman' for the
prophet Joseph, he must go behind the
veil where Joseph is." (Times and
Seasons, Vol. 5, p. 638.)

Now that was a rather interesting
observation.

May I now say this: Those keys of
the kingdom are still here with the
Church today. As President Taylor
declared, ". . . the holy Priesthood and
Apostleship, which He restored to the
earth, still remain to guide and govern,
and to administer ordinances to the
Church which He has established."
President David O. McKay is the one
man today who holds those keys, as
did the Prophet Joseph Smith, as did
President Brigham Young, as did Pres-

ident John Taylor, and so on down
to President McKay, who presides
today.

Then President John Taylor added
this final statement, which indicates
something in which you will be
interested:

"That there may be a correct under-
standing among all the Stakes of Zion
respecting the time for holding the
quarterly Conferences in the different
Stakes, and the Presidents be enabled
to make preparations therefor, we have
deemed it best to make the following
appointments for the conferences dur-
ing the next half year. [This was in
1877.] It will be seen that in most
instances they will be held in two
stakes upon the same days. This is un-
avoidable, in consequence of the great
number of stakes." (Messages of the
First Presidency, Vol. 2, p. 301.)

And then I counted the "great" num-
ber of stakes: Salt Lake, Davis and
Utah, Weber and Juab, Tooele and
Box Elder, Wasatch and Cache, Sum-
mit and Bear Lake, Morgan and San-
pete, Sevier and Millard, Panguitch
and Beaver, Kanab and Iron [Paro-
wan], and St. George — 20 stakes, a
great number of stakes. There were
nine missions — nine organized missions
— at that time. Well, as we think about
that now, and as they closed that
epistle after making that profound
statement about the great number of
stakes, the Twelve then added:

"And now, brethren and sisters, we
exhort you to arouse yourselves and
seek unto the Lord in fervent faith and
prayer. We know that our Father in
heaven is a God of Revelation. He is
ready and willing to pour out his bless-
ings and gifts upon those who seek
unto Him for them. We need them as
individuals and as a people to qualify
us for the duties which devolve upon
us. We should remember and carry
into practical effect the counsels and
instructions we have so liberally re-
ceived from our departed President. He
has gone from us; but the flock is not
left without a shepherd. Latter-day
Saints should so live that they will
know the voice of the True Shepherd,
and not be deceived by pretenders. . . .
The Latter-dav Saint who does not live

vm&

ASIA

TOTM

"" f 15,(500 1 — I I rimoo

i 1 20,000

CHPURCH M EMBERSH I P ( ^^ 3 areas)

■50:000

40,000

mo"

WQ

J \ J

60000

SOlJTH AMERICA I

lUI

75.000 j 125,000 I ^'15.606

100,000 I 15Q000 !

so. STATES

28

Improvement Era

we appear to have hit a plateau.

so as to have the revelations of Jesus
constantly with him, stands in great
danger of heing deceived and falling
away. . . . All the signs which the
Lord promised to send in the last days
are making their appearance. They
show that the day of the Lord is near.
A great work has to be done, and there
is but little time in which to accom-
plish it; great diligence is, therefore,
required. . . . Let us not slacken our
diligence, or give way to doubt, un-
belief or hardness of heart; but be
strong in the Lord, and cry unto Him
unceasingly to give us the power to
build up His Zion on the earth, and to
help establish a reign of righteousness,
peace, and truth." {Messages of the
First Presidency, Vol. 2, pp. 302-303.)

And so ended that remarkable
epistle to the Church.

Now to point up our challenge of the
present growth and to prepare for
the fulfillment of the hastening of the
Lord's work, which he promised he
would do in his own time: If one were
to paint a picture in broad strokes of
just a few features of the future, here
are some things that will challenge the
Church in the years that lie ahead:

When I came into the Council of
the Twelve we had 35 missions. I
helped to organize, along with Presi-
dent Joseph Fielding Smith, the 138th
stake. We now have 443 stakes.

During the 70 years from 1830 to
1900, the Church grew by 258,000
members. Today, a quarter of a million
expansion in membership takes not 70
years, but in only two or three years,
we expand by a quarter of a million.

Our Church membership is increas-
ing at about three times the growth
rate of the population of the United
States. But, just as significantly, the
regional distribution of Church mem-
bership is also following some clear
trends that we must recognize, not
only intellcctualh', but also adminis-
tratively.

hi 1910, Utah and Idaho contained
approximately 75 percent of all Church
membership. Today, only 40 percent of
the Church's members live in these
two states. Utah once held two-thirds
of all members. Today, even though
the number of members in Utah has
now risen from 224,000 in 1910 to
714,000, only one-third of all members
now live in Utah. Brazil now has
23,000 Latter-day Saints; Australia,
21,000; and Mexico, 50,000.

During the last ten years, member-
ship in the southern states has risen
from 72,000 to 170,000; in South
America from. 6,000 to 67,000; and in
Asia from 1,500 to 21,000.

We have no choice but to think
regionally.

s'^<Ea

1,000

500

100

WARDS

10,000

M SS ONS

30,000

150
20,000

100

lOOOO
50

VSSONA^ES

200

i

.

5,000
1.000

!

^ — —

— - —

NOW 1985

NOW 1985

NOW 1985

NOW 1985

Research has been done by the de-
partment of statistics at the Brigham
Young University by Dr. Howard
Nielsen, and he estimates the Church
membership by 1985, just 17 years from
now, will total from 5,700,000 to
7,700,000, depending on the rate of
conversions.

By the year 2000 A. D., which means
that our children now eight years of
age will then be 41 years old, we could
have a total membership of over ten
million people. Though this may
sound very distant to some of us, it is
the year, I repeat, when these eight-
year-olds will become 41, if you get
that clearly.

In 1985 there will be more than one
million members in Utah, but they
will represent only 21 percent of all
Church membership. California will
have almost a million members by
then, and the southern states one-half
million. Canada will host 160.000
members, with more than 200,000 in
the British Isles, and over one-quarter
million in Central and South America.

Today, there are approximately 443
stakes and nearly 4,000 wards and
branches. By 1985, depending on our
effectiveness and external events, we
should have 1,000 stakes and nearly
10,000 wards.

In the calendar year 1985, about 200
new stake presidents will be appointed
to new or existing stakes, and General
Authorities will need to direct five
stake reorganizations each week. The
brethren will then need to clear be-
tw^een 50 and 60 names for the office
of bishop each week.

Well, you begin to see something
about the growth, and so we could go
on with auxiliary organizations.

Now just a word about the mis-
sions: It is estimated that in the mis-
sions within that 17-year period, in
contrast to 77 or 78 missions we have
today, we could have as many as 185
missions by then, with probably as
many as 30,000 missionaries instead of
our 13,000 as of today.

Perhaps this is enough, then, to indi-
cate the great challenge that de-
mands an extended authoritative
supervisory ministry.

When the first five Assistants to the

Twelve were called in 1941, the Presi-
dency said: "The rapid growth of the
Church in recent times, the constantly
increasing establishment of wards and
stakes, ... all have built up an apos-
tolic service of the greatest magnitude.
The First Presidency and Twelve feel
that to meet adequately their great
responsibilities and to carry on effi-
ciently this service for the Lord, they
should have some help." (The Im-
provement Era, May 1941, p. 269.)
That was said when we had 137 stakes.
Now, when we have 443 stakes and
twice as many missions, you begin to
see what we are talking about. All of
this is sobering to think about, even
superficially. It is awesome to con-
template, at any length. How can we
best provide the necessary leadership
with enough worthy, able leaders in
the right places at the right time? How
can we best finance a kingdom of this
scope and dimension? How can we
best absorb, fellowship, and teach this
many souls?

While sacrament meeting attendance
rose from 21 percent in 1921 to 36 per-
cent in 1965, we appear to have hit a
plateau. We are not advancing from
that 36 percent. Effective preaching
of the gospel and showing how it re-
lates directly to the lives of people
today are partial but needed answers
to this challenge.

Now the plan that has been an-
nounced is for the appointment of
Regional Representatives of the
Twelve. Many of you heard the an-
nouncement by the First Presidency
yesterday. This was- the official
announcement:

"As many of you will remember, in
1941, it became necessary for the First
Presidency and the Twelve to provide
for additional brethren to help with
the work of overseeing and setting in
order an ever-growing, world-wide
Church. Thus in the General Confer-
ence of April, 1941, Assistants to the
Twelve w-ere named and sustained,
'to be increased or otherwise from time
to time as the necessity or carrying on
the Lord's work seem.s to dictate.'

"Since then the world-wide demands
of the Church have increased in ever
greater degree, and it is felt by the

January 1968

29

I"'irst Presidency and the Twelve that
a further provision for guidance and
direction is now needed.

"What, therefore, is now proposed
is the calling of as many brethren
as may be necessary, to be known
as Regional Representatives of the
Twelve, each, as assigned, to be re-
sponsible in some aspects of the work
to carry counsel to and to conduct
instructional meetings in groups of
stakes or regions as may be designated
from time to time.

' "These Regional Representatives of
the Twelve will not be 'General' Au-
thorities, as such, but will serve some-
what as do stake presidents, giving full
Church service for greater or lesser
periods of service as circumstances may
suggest.

"Fuller details will be in evidence
as this plan proceeds under the guid-
ance of the First Presidency and the
Twelve."

During these last few years, we have
had in preparation for this regional
expansion 114 priesthood committee
members representing the four phases
of priesthood work previously referred
to. They have rendered a great and
monumental service and will do so to
the end of 1967, after which they will
be released by the First Presidency.
When their present service is con-
cluded, we hope to show our apprecia-
tion to them in some more appropriate
manner. And, parenthetically, I might
say, I would think that presidents in
stakes where these well-trained com-
mittee members reside would be
something less than alert if they did
not move after January 1 to bring
these brethren into some of their local
priesthood structures, in order to take
advantage of the great experience these
brethren have had throughout the
Church.

Most all of these who are called now
to be Regional Representatives of the
Twelve have served in stake presi-
dencies or as mission presidents or
both. Fifteen of them are now serving
as stake presidents and will be released
before the end of this year.

Areas of the Church, where clusters
of stakes will be brought together, will
be assigned to the 69 Regional Repre-
sentatives of the Twelve; and so far as
possible, these men are being assigned
to areas as near to their homes as pos-
sible. Fort3'-four Regional Representa-
tives will live within their assigned
areas. Twenty-five will be assigned
outside their own areas, but about 12
of them convenient to their homes.
Eleven will be in distant areas and
nine outside of continental United
States, particularly those countries that
need men with special language apti-

tudes to teach effectively the leaders
in these foreign language stakes.

One of the reasons we have released
a number of priesthood committee
members is because we are trying to
find men within the regions, so far as
it is practicable so to do, to regionalize
as far as is possible close to their
homes.

With this in mind, perhaps we
should say just a word about the role
of Regional Representatives. For two
days this past week, we have had eight
hours each day with our Regional
Representatives of the Twelve together
with the General Authorities and the
heads of our auxiliary organizations,
in an intensive instructional period,
highlighted by a devotional in the
temple under the direction of the First
Presidency.

This, then, will be the program that
will go into effect.

Last night after two hours of meet-
ing with all the stake presidents of the
church and these Regional Repre-
sentatives, each representative received
his assignment to a given area and
went thereafter to an office in the
Church Office Building where he met,
for the first time, the stake presidents
who will work under his supervision,
and to become acquainted and there
to establish a relationship that, we
hope, will grow strong and very
precious throughout the years.

As the Church has grown, we have
felt somewhat guilty. I called atten-
tion last night to the fact that last
Sunday I was in Dallas, Texas, where
we organized a new stake, the Fort
Worth Stake. We took all the time
between the two sessions to set new
officers apart. We then went into the
second session, after which, as we
rushed to catch a plane to come home,
I said to the stake president, "The Lord
bless you. President Kelly. I will see
you at general conference." I had a
guilty feeling that I didn't take the
time, didn't have the time, to sit down
and do an adequate job of teaching
and training those new officers.

So, in the stake quarterly conferences
hereafter, or beginning in 1968, the
General Authorities will be the only
official visitors to attend stake confer-
ences except in those single stakes that
are not aligned with regions. In those
stakes the Regional Representative of
the Twelve will go on the conference
dates when no General Authority is to
be in attendance; and with the aux-
iliary representatives, they will hold a
regional meeting similar to that which
will be held in all the regions semi-
annually throughout the Church and
remain over for the stake conference.

The General Authorities will go to

stake quarterly conferences on Saturday
afternoon, and there we will have a
leadership training session in the
afternoon with the stake presidency,
the high council, and the bishoprics;
with all the priesthood leaders in the
evening; and on Sunday morning, with
the stake presidency. And then we
are endeavoring to get all the families
to come to conference. In order to
provide a place for the small children,
we are suggesting that in every stake
the stake superintendency of Sunday
School arrange for a Junior Sunday
School, perhaps in a separate building,
if one can be found nearby, or in an-
other area of the stake conference
center; and there, with a suggested
program that we will give, the children
will be taken care of during that two-
hour period, which will perhaps be
broken down into short periods, with
some diversion for the children.

Now, beginning in 1968, there will
be only one general session of con-
ference in each stake; in the afternoon,
when the General Authority is in at-
tendance, we will take time to give
instruction that we haven't had time
to give, as I have illustrated in the case
of the Fort Worth Stake leaders at
Dallas this past week.

As we read the revelations we found
something significant about stake con-
ferences, as the Lord designed them.
Let me read w'hat the Lord said, as
recorded in Section 20 of the Doctrine
and Covenants, about stake confer-
ences:

"The several elders composing this
church of Christ are to meet in con-
ference once in three months, or from
time to time as said conferences shall
direct or appoint. . . .

"It shall be the duty of the several
churches, composing the church of
Christ, to send one or more of their
teachers to attend the several confer-
ences held by the elders of the
church." (D&C 20:61, 81.)

That was a stake conference. If we
understand that instruction correctly,
we should understand that the prime
purpose of a stake conference was to
instruct the leaders of the stakes; and
that is what we are now intending to
do, more than we have done in the
past.

It will be expected that every ward
in the stake will return home and have
a sacrament meeting in the evening,
where the greater number of the mem-
bership of the Church will be brought
into some worshiping assembly on the
day of a stake quarterly conference.

Now, we have had excellent confer-
ences in the stakes, but we find we
have had good attendance in the morn-
ing, while many have stayed away

30

Improvement Era

from the afternoon session. That is
happening not in one stake but in
many stakes. Now, in order to see that
there is a place in every stake for every
member to attend, we are asking that
there be a sacrament meeting in every
ward in every stake on the day of stake
conference.

At the conferences where no General
Authority is in attendance, we are
asking our stake presidents not to have
an imported speaker to take the place
of a General Authority, or to expect
their Regional Representative to come.
He will only go there as he may indi-
cate he would desire for some special
purpose or may be assigned by the
First Presidency or the Twelve. This
will be the opportunity for the stake
president with his staff, meaning his
auxiliary and priesthood leaders, to
instruct his people as the leaders have
been instructed in their previous
regional meetings. And so our quarter-
ly conferences will be more intensive
training in leadership by General Au-
thorities, and we are now trying to
gear ourselves to do a better job than
we have been doing in the past.

We will have in addition some
specialists or, as we will now call them,
priesthood aides, in genealogy, welfare,
missionary and home teaching, who
may be brought into service as neces-
sary to meet the needs of our Regional
Representatives or individual stakes
needing specialized attention.

Now then, I conclude with just one
or two observations. Again and again
has been repeated the statement that
the home is the basis of a righteous
life. With new and badly needed
emphasis on the "how," we must not
lose sight of the "why" we are so
engaged. The priesthood programs
operate in support of the home; the
auxiliary programs render valuable as-
sistance. Wise regional leadership
can help us to do our share in attaining
God's overarching purpose, "to bring
to pass the immortality and eternal life
of man." (Moses 1:39.) Both the
revelations of God and the learning of
men tell us how crucial the home is
in shaping the individual's total
life experience. You must have been
impressed that running through all
that has been said in this conference
has been the urgency of impressing the
importance of better teaching and
greater parental responsibility in the
laome. Much of what we do organiza-
tionally, then, is scaffolding, as we seek
to build the individual, and we must
not mistake the scaffolding for the
soul.

Now may I just say this: I was with
one of the brethren who formerly
presided over the Swedish Mission. He

January 1968

told me about being on a ship that
was going out among the various
islands into the open sea. As the ship
was being steered near one particularly
unimpressive island, he wondered why
it wasn't steered past another island.
Finally he noticed ahead what ap-
peared to be broomsticks sticking up;
these sticks were attached to buoys, to
guide the ship through safe channels.
Engineers had discovered the safe
places.

God's engineers have charted the
course ahead of us. Now our critics
(and we expect we will have some;
usually they are those without knowl-
edge or with little or no vision) will
wonder why we didn't take some other
course to meet the problem. This
reminds me of the saying: "A man is
usually down on what he ain't up on."
We suppose we will have more and
more of that.

The Lord's chosen leaders have sig-
naled us now to move forward. When
Moses went to lead the children of
Israel out into the desert, it was not
the Moses who had fled for his life;
it was not the Moses who had climbed
the mount with fear; but it was the
Moses endowed by the power of
Almighty God. When he lifted his
staff and signaled, the whole company
moved forward. We must not lose
ourselves in the mechanics of leader-
ship and neglect the spiritual. ". . . if
your eye be single to my glory," the
Lord said, "your whole body shall be
filled with light, and there shall be
no darkness in you. . . ." (D&C 88:67.)
Evidence of improved leadership
will bring more consistent study of the
scriptures, greater concern of the
holders of the priesthood in watching
over the Church, more devotion to
family duties, more of our young
people married worthily in the temple,
greater faith and righteous exercise of
the priesthood, and so on.

The Prophet Joseph Smith said as
he wrote from Liberty Jail:

"Let no man count them as small
things; for there is much which lieth
in futurity, pertaining to the saints,
which depends upon these things.

"You know, brethren, that a very
large ship is benefited very much by a
very small helm in the time of a
storm, by being kept workways with
the wind and the waves.

"Therefore, dearly beloved brethren,
let us cheerfully do all things that lie
in our power; and then may we stand
still, with the utmost assurance, to
see the salvation of God, and for his
arm to be revealed." (D&C 123:15-17.)
To which I bear humble testimony,
in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Amen.

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110 East 2nd South
k. Salt Lake City, Utah

■' 571-^

Ogden, 399-4587 St. George, 673-3136
Logan 245-6584 Idaho Falls, 522-2581
Mesa 964-5283

31

X,

\

Heber J He/ner Jr

Henry fi Mafrs

L Brent Goates

Raymond J. Pace

If?**

Harold R Boyer

Carl W. Buehnei-

1

Heber J. Heiner, Jr., of North Ogden,
Utah Ogden and Roy (Utah) regrons
Was on Priesthood Home Teaching

Committee; insurance agent, born Sept
T4, 1909, Ogden, Utah, married Melba
Nelson, three children

East Ogden
Mt Ogden
North Weber
Ogden

Lakeview

Morgan

Roy

Roy North

Sunset

Wilford M. Burton of Salt Lake City. Ben

Lomond and Weber regions. Was on
Sunday School general board: attorney;
barn Feb. 5. 1910, Salt Lake City;
married Dorothy A. Baud; three chil-
dren.

Ben Lomond
Ben Lomond So.
Farr West
Lorin Farr

Riverdale
South Ogden
Washington

Terrace
Weber
Weber Heights

Henry A. Matis of Roy, Utah. KaysviHe
(Utah) Region. Was president, Roy
Stake; engineer; born June 19, 1905,
Telluride, Colo.; married Mae Pace; five
children.

Clearfield

Davis

Kaysville

Layton
North Davis

L. Brent Goates of Salt Lake Cit

Bountiful and Rose Park regions Wr

on Priesthood Home Teaching Com

mittee; administrator of LDS Hospital

born Feb. 2. 1922. Salt Lake City;

married Helen Lee; six children.

Bountiful Riverside

Bountiful East Rose Park

Bountiful North Rose Park North

Bountiful South South Davis

Raymond J. Pace of North Bountiful

Utah. Bonneville and Salt Lake regions

Was on Priesthood Missionary Com

mittee; retail sales supervisor; born

Jan. 4. 1913, Hoytsville, Utah; married

Virginia E. Judd; four children.

Bonneville Emigration

Liberty Ensign

Monument Park
Park

Salt Lake
University West

M. Elmer Christensen of Salt Lake City.
Granite and Sugar House regions, Was
on Priesthood Home Teaching Commit-
tee; Utah State chemist; born Sept. 13,
1902, Manassa; Colo.; married Melba
Morgan; four children.

Granite Hillside

Granite Park Monument Park
Highland West

Parleys Sugar House

South Salt Lake Wells

Harold R. Boyer of Salt Lake City. Mill
Creek and Wilford regions. Was on
Priesthood Home Teaching Committee;
attorney: born Dec. 11. 1906. Salt Lake

City; married Marian Louise Richards:
five children.

Grant

Mill Creek
Valley View
Winder

Canyon Rim
East Mill Creek
Mt. Olympus
Wilford

Cart W. Buehner of Salt Lake City. Cot-
tonwood Region. Was assistant general
superintendent of YMMIA; president of
a building stone company; born Dec.
27, 1898, Stuttgart, Germany; married
Lucile Thurman; four children.

Cottonwood

Holladay

Murray

Murray South

Olympus

South Cottonwood

Harold M. Wright

Rex C, Reeve

Phil D Jensen

J. E//io( Cameron

Stanford G. Smith

WiHotd W, Kirton. Jr.

Arthur S, Anderson

Harold M. Wright of Salt Lake City.

Granger and Pioneer (Utah) regions

Was president of Hillside Stake; in

surance agent; born Feb. 13, 1908,

Pleasant Grove, Utah; married Gene

vieve Fugal; six children.

Granger Cannon

Granger North Pioneer

Taylorsville North Jordan

Taylorsville West Temple View

10

Rex C. Reeve of Salt Lake City. Jordan
and Midvale (Utah) regions. Was presi-
dent of Valley View Stake; purchasing
agent; born Nov. 23, 1914, Hinckley,
Utah; married Phyllis Mae Nielsen;
seven children.
Mt, Jordan

Sandy
Sandy East
Riverton
West Jordan

Butler
Butler West
East Jordan
Midvale

n

Allen M. Swan of Salt Lake City. Oquirrh
and Tooele (Utah) regions. Was on
Priesthood Missionary Committee;
attorney; born Oct. 27, 1927, Tooele,
Utah; married Verla Mae Johnson; four
children.

Hunter

Oquirrh East

Kearns

Grantsville

Kearns North

North Tooele

Oquirrh

Tooele

12

Phil D. Jensen of American Fork, Utah.
American Fork and Orem (Utah) re-
gions. Was on Priesthood Welfare Com-
mittee; insurance agent; born Feb. 27,
1918, Logan, Utah; married Ruth
Hazen; six children.

American Fork

Alpine

Lehi

Timpanogos

Orem

Orem West
Sharon
West Sharon

13

J. Elliot Cameron of Provo, Utah. Provo
Region. Was bishop of BYU 66th Ward;
dean of students, BYU; born Feb. 9,
1923, Panguitch, Utah; married Elda
Maxine Petty; four children.

East Provo
East Sharon
Provo

Utah
West Utah

14

Stanford G. Smith of Bountiful, Utah.
Spanish Fork (Utah) Region. Was pres-
ident of Bountiful Stake; department
store buyer; born Sept. 24, 1912. Far
mington, Utah; married Mary Ellen
Stoddard; seven children.

Kolob

Nebo
Palmyra

Santaquin-Tintic
Spanish Fork
Springville

15

Wilford W. Kirton. Jr., of Salt Lake City.

Idaho Student and North Utah Student

regions. Was president of University

Stake; Church legal counsel; born April

16, 1922, Salt Lake City; married Ar-

lene Tadje Sonntag; five children.

Idaho State Utah State

University University I

Ricks College Utah State
University I University II

University II

16

Arthur S. Anderson of Salt Lake City.
South Utah Student Region. Was on
Priesthood Home Teaching Committee;
vice president of advertising firm; born
Jan. 17, 1923, Boise, Idaho; married
Janice V. Jacobsen; sever children.

BYU stakes (8)

College of South-
ern Utah

Ogden

Salt Lake City

Representatives

2. Reed WWat

Stephen C. Richards

Max C. Mortsnsen

Henry E- Peterson

Cecil E. Hart

Myles w. Romney

William H. Bennett

17

Z. Reed Millar of Boise, Idaho. Boise

and Weiser regions. Was on Priesthood

Home Teaching Committee; attorney;

born Oct. 10. 1896. American Fork,

Utah; married Urania Berthelson (de

ceased), Edna Sorensen; six children.

Nampa
Nyssa
Union
Weiser

Boise

Boise North
West Boise

18

Stephen C. Richards of Salt Lake City.
Burley and Twin Falls (Idaho) regions.
Was on Priesthood Home Teaching
Committee; furniture dealer; born Feb.
28, 1914, Salt Lake City; married Ruby
Ma^ Oleson; five children.

Burley
Cassia

Minidoka
Raft River

Blaine
Gooding
Twin Falls

19

Max C. Mortensen of St. Anthony,
Idaho. Rexburg and Rigby (Idaho) re-
gions. Was president of Yellowstone
Stake; potato grower; born May 29,
1927, Salem, Idaho; married Bonnie
Jean Schwendiman; six children.

North Rexburg Ammon

Rexburg East Idaho Falls

Teton East Rigby

Yellowstone North Idaho Falls

Rigby

20

Henry E. Peterson of Bountiful, Utah.
Bear Lake {Utah) Region. Was presi-
dent of Bountiful North Stake; agricul-
turalist, Church Welfare Program; born
May 11. 1912, Gebo, Wyo; married
Alice M. Danielsen; four children.

Bannock
Bear Lake
Idaho

Montpelier
Star Valley

21

Cecil E. Hart of Idaho Falls. Idaho.
Idaho Falls Region. Was president of
French Mission; automobile dealer;
born Dec. 19, 1905, Menan, Idaho^
married Vera Christina Pfost; three
children.

Idaho Falls
Lost River
Salmon River

Shelley

South Idaho Falls

22

Myles W. Romney of Pocatello, Idaho.
Blackfoot and Pocatello regions. Was
on Priesthood Missionary Committee;
insurance agent; born March 17. 1919,
St. George, Utah; married Janice Clark;
six children.

Btackfoot American Falls

Alameda East Pocatello

North Pocatello Pocatello

West Pocatello Portneuf

South Blackfoot

23

William H. Bennett of Logan, Utah.
Cache and Logan regions. Was on
Priesthood Welfare Committee; exten-
sion director. Utah State University;
born Nov. 5, 1910, Taber, Afberta; mar-
ried Patricia Christensen; six children.

Benson
Franklin
Oneida

Smithfield

Cache
East Cache

Hyrum
Logan
Mt. Logan

Witliam G. Bangerter

A. Lewis Elggren

Neal A. Maxwell

Wendell J. Ashfon

Clarence F. Robison

J. Howard Dunn

24

William G. Bangerter of Granger, Utah,
Coalville (Utah) Region. Was on Priest-
hood Home Teaching Committee; build-
ing contractor; born June 8, 1918,
Granger; married Mildred Schwantes
(dec), Geraldine Hamblin; ten children.
Lyman Wasatch

South Summit

Summit

Woodruff

25

A. Lewis Elggren of Salt Lake City. Price
and Uintah Basin (Utah) regions. Was
on Priesthood Welfare Committee: pres'
ident of food brokersRe firm; born May
31, 1902, Salt Lake City; married Mil-
dred Louise Peterson; three children.

Carbon Ashley

Emery Craig

Grand Junction Duchesne

North Carbon Roosevelt

San Juan Uintah

26

Neal A. Maxwell of Salt Lake City. Tre-
monton (Utah) Region. Was on Adult
Correlation Committee; executive vice
president. University of Utah; born
July 6, 1926, Salt Lake City; married
Colleen Fern Hinckley; four children.
Bear River South Bear River

Ma lad

27

Wendell J. Ashton of Salt Lake City.
Brigham City Region. Was on Adult
Correlation Committee; advertising ex-
ecutive; born Oct. 31, 1912, Salt Lake
City; married Marion Reynolds (dec),
Belva Barlow; seven children.

Box Elder
Brigham City

28

Clarence F. Robison of Provo, Utah.
Manti and Nephi (Utah) regions. Was
on YMMIA general board; physical edu-
cation teacher and track coach, BYU;
born June 18. 1923, Fillmore, Utah;
married Monita Turley; nine children.

Gunnison Deseret

Moroni Juab

North Sanpete Millard

South Sanpete Nevada

29

Alten Christensen of Richfield. Utah.
Richfield Region. Was president of
Sevier Stake; department store owner;
born Aug. 13, 1906, Richfield; married

Alta Wintch; six children.

Garfield
North Sevier
Sevier

30

J. Howard Dunn of Salt Lake City. Ce-
dar (Utah) Region, Was on Priesthood
Genealogy Committee; project manager,
Salt Lake County Civic Auditorium; born
Aug. 25, 1917, Corinne, Utah;
Mary Call; four children.
Beaver Panguitch

Cedar
Cedar West

North Box Elder
South Box Elder

South Sevier
Wayne

narried

Pa rowan

Monterey Bay

Palo Alto
San Francisco

San Leandro

Clifton D. Boyack of San Carlos, Calif.
San Francisco Region. Was president
of San Mateo Stake; assistant school
superintendent; born Oct. 12, 1911,
Spanish Fork, Utah; married Grace
Richards; four children.

San Jose

San Jose West

San Mateo

0. Leslie Stone of Piedmont, Calif.

Oakland and Walnut Creek regions. Was

president of Oakland-Berkeley Stake;

merchandising executive; born May 28,

1903. Chapjn, Idaho; married Dorothy

Cobbley; four children.

Hayward Concord

Fremont Napa

Oakland-Berkeley

Santa Rosa
Walnut Creek

R Raymond Barnes of Moraga. Cali-
fornia. Redding and Reno regions. Was
on Priesthood Missionary Committee;
business executive; born April 14,
1927, Salt Lake City; married Chloris
Bowman; six children.

Klamath

Med ford
Redding
Redwood

Humbolt
Reno

Reno North

David B. Haight of Provo, Utah. Fresno
and Sacramento (Calif,) regions. Was
on Priesthood Missionary Committee;
president of hardware firm; born Sept,
2, 1906, Oakley, Idaho; married Ruby
Olson; three children.

Fresno
Fresno East
Modesto
San Joaquin

American River

Fair Oaks

GridJey

North Sacramento

Sacramento

John C. Daltan

J. Ta/mage Jones

Oaken K. Broadhead

Richard S. Summerhays

35

John C. Dalton of Fullerton. Calif,
Burbank Region. Was on Priesthood
Home Teaching Committee; attorney;
born Sept. 1, 1912, Manassa. Colo.;
married Miriam Smith (deceased).
Maxine Jensen; six children.

Bakersfield

Burbank

Glendale
Mojave

36

J. Talmage Jones of San Gabriel, Calif.
San Fernando Region. Was president,
Western Canadian Mission; lecturer.
University of California at Los Angeles;
born Dec. 2, 1915, Thatcher, Ariz,; mar-
ried Vera Jean Noyes; seven children.
Santa Barbara

Canoga Park

Reseda

San Fernando

San Luis Obispo

Santa Maria
Simi

37

Daken K. Broadhead of San Marino,
California. Los Angeles Region. Was
counselor in Pasadena Stake presi-
dency; president, Allied Record Co.;
born April 17, 1905, Nephi, Utah; mar-
ried Olene Smith; five children.

Huntington Park
Inglewood
Los Angeles

Santa Monica
South Los Angeles

38

Richard S. Summerhays of Pasadena,

Calif. Long Beach and Los Angeles

East regions. Was on Priesthood Home

Teaching Committee; insurance agent;

born Dec. 27, 1908, Independence, Mo.;

married Miriam Maxwell; four children.

East Long Beach East Los Angeles

Long Beach Norwalk

Redondo Pasadena

Torrance Whittier

i^

a

p^

■f/)

\j.

%'^

\

34

46

G LaMont Richards

^■^^C^""'

Wilburn C West

Ralph J. Hill of Salt Lake City. Grand
Cruiee and Spokane (Wash.) regions.
Was on Priesthood Missionary Com-
mittee; insurance manager; born May
10. 1917. Smithfield, Utah; married
Afton Clark; four children.

Grand Coulee Yakima

Grand Coulee No. Coeur d'Alene

Pasco Lewiston

Richland Spokane

49

G. LaMont Richards of Salt Lake City.

Portland and Salem (Ore.) regions. Was

on Priesthood Missionary Committee;

supply firm president; born Jan. 17,

191S, Salt Lake City; married Edna Fae

Firmage; four children.

Columbia River Portland West

North Columbia Corvallis

River Salem

Por:tland Willamette

50

Wilburn C. West, Salt Lake City. Calgary
and Lethbridge regions. Was on Priest-
hood Home Teaching Committee; direc-
tor. Utah State Institute of Fine Arts;
born Feb, 27. 1909, Farr West. Utah;
married Zelma M. Ririe; four children.

Calgary

Alberta

Calgary North

Lethbridge

Edmonton

Taber

Taylor

51

Grant S Thorn

-•^'

Edward E Drury, Jr.

Grant S. Thorn .of Springville. Utah.
Montana and Wyoming regions. Was
counselor in BYU First Stake; construc-
tion firm president; born Nov. 8. 1910,
Springville; married Naomi Dalton; four
children.

John K. Edmunds

-•fS'rf^'

George H. Mortir

Robert W. Barker

Butte

Great Falls
Missoula

Big Horn
Billings
Casper
Wind River

52

Ldward E. Drury, Jr., of Denver. Colo.
Denver Region. Was on Priesthood
Home Teaching Committee; cashier,
electrical supply firm; born Aug. 7,
1908, Salt Lake City; married Louise
Farrington; three children.

Cheyenne
Denver
Denver South

Denver West
Pikes Peak
San Luis

John K. Edmunds of Wilmette. Ill, Chi-
cago and Detroit regions. Was on
Priesthood Home Teaching Committee
and patriarch of Chicago Stake; attor-
ney; born Dec. 10, 1900. Wales, Utah;
married Jasmine Romney; two children.

Chicago Cleveland

Chicago South Detroit

Milwaukee Lansing

55

George H. Mortimer of Upper Mont-
clair, N, J. New York and Niagara Falls
regions. Was president of New Jersey
Stake; attorney; born Nov. 18, 1903,
Provo, Utah; married Veda Jane Porter;
four children.

Boston

New Jersey

Hartford

Central

Long island

New York

New Jersey

Cumorah

Toronto

56

Robert W. Barker of Kensington, Md,
Philadelphia (Penn.) Region. Was first
counselor in Washington (D.C.) Stake
presidency; attorney; born July 9, 1919.
Orclen, Utah; married Amy Vera
Tiomas; six children.

Philadelphia
Potomac

Virginia
Washington

57

Edwin B. Jones

Edwin B. Jones of Birmingham. Mich.
Cincmnati (Ohio) and St, Louis (Mo.)
regions. Was president of Detroit Stake;
banker; born f^eb. 14, 1917, Kanesville,
Utali; married Mildred Salisbury; five
children.

Cincinnati
Columbus
Fort Wayne

Illinois
Indianapolis
Memphis
St. Louis

58

G. Roy Fugal of Woodmont, Conn
Rijleigh (N.C.) Region. Was high coun-
cilor, New York Stake; consultant m
personnel, General Electric Co.; born
Nov, 28, 1906, Pleasant Grove, Utah,
married Olive Harris; three children

North Carolina

Raleigh

Greensboro

Norfolk

*^-w

and Canada

*»

Howard J. Marsh

59

Howard J. Marsh of Dallas, Texas.
Louisiana and Texas regions. Was on
priesthood Missionary Committee; pres-
ident, Intercontinental Industries, Inc.;
born May 26, 1924. Salt Lake City;
married Virginia Moyle; eight children.

Hattiesburg Dallas

Jackson Ft. Worth

New Orleans Houston
Shreveport

Beaumont
Corpus Christi

San Antonio
Texas North

60

E. Coleman Madsen of Jacksonville,
Fla. Atlanta '(Ga.) Region. Was on
Priesthood Home Teaching Committee;
attorney; born July 29, 1918, Midway,
Utah; married Marian Linden Hinson:
seven children.

61

Alvin C. Chace of Jacksonville, Fla.
Florida Region. Was bishop of Jackson-
ville Second Ward; real estate and in-
surance; born April 16, 1912, Jackson-
ville; married Alzada Beasley; five
children.

o

i¥4

<^J5jjf

- ^'

Percy K Fefzer

62

A. Ray Curtis of Holladay, Utah. Leeds
and Manchester regions. Was on the
YMMIA general board; president of a
heating firm; born Feb. 13, 1911, Salt
Lake City; married Elaine Broadbent;
five children.

Glasgow

Leeds

Sunderland

Leicester

London

Manchester

63

Percy K. Fetzer of Salt Lake City. Euro-
pean Region. Was on Priesthood Home
Teaching Committee; president of a
cabinet and fixture firm; born May 9,
1907, Salt Lake City: married Thelma
Woolley; five children.

Berlin Stuttgart

Hamburg Swiss

Holland

f

■■■■I

65

Berkeley L. Bunker of Las Vegas, Nev.

New Zealand Region. Was on Priest-
hood Missionary Committee; in mor-
tuary and cemetery business; born
Aug. 12, 1906, St. Thomas, Nev.; mar-
ried Lucile Whitehead; two children.

Auckland

Hamilton
Hamilton South

Hawkes Bay
Wellington

66

Leslie T. Norton of Ogden, Utah. Mel-
bourne and Sydney regions. Was on
Priesthood Missionary Committee; chief
job analyst. Hill Air Force Base; born
June 10. 1910, Watford, England; mar-
ried Loretta Mae Gibbons; three chil
dren.

Adelaide Sydney South

Melbourne Perth

Brisbane
Sydney

67

George W. Paulsen of Salt Lake City.
Apia and Hawaii regions. Was on Priest-
hood Missionary Committee; consultinj
engineer; born June 17, 1918, Salt
Lake City; married Orlene Jones; four
children.

Apia
Honolulu

Oahu

Pearl Harbor

J. Thomas Fyans, C. Laird Snelgrove, Finn B. Paulsen of Salt Lake City.

Buenos Aires, Guatemala City, Mexico City, and Sao Paulo regions. Brother
Fyans: Was on Priesthood Missionary Committee; director. Church distribu-
tion and translation services; born May 17, 1918, Moreland, Idaho; married
Helen Cook; five children. Brother Snelgrove: Was on Priesthood Home
Teaching Committee; president of ice cream firm; born May 19, 1911, Salt
Lake City; married Edna Haynie; six children. Brother Paulsen: Was on
Priesthood Missionary Committee; engineering instructor; born Sept. 13.
1919. Springfield, Idaho; married Sara Broadbent; five children.

Buenos Aires Mexico City Montevideo

Guatemala City Mexico City North Sao Paulo

< ■*(•.

••^s

Lj**

.^^..4ii^«iu^.£iaiM

■•i*.

jjlK .

■dtiit

^,

.^■^

January 1968

Marion D. Hanks, Editor • Elaine Cannon, Associate Editor

,y ,5 >

^t*

*ipj , *^jr

President David 0. McKay

As individuals, we must think nobler thoughts.
We must not encourage vile thoughts or low aspi-
rations. We shall radiate them if we do. If we
think noble thoughts, if we encourage and cherish
noble aspirations, there will be that radiation
when we meet people, especially when we asso-
ciate with them.

Each individual soul has that divine radiation.
The body is only the house in which we live. God
help us to radiate strength, control, love, charity
(which is another name for love), consideration,
and best wishes for all human beings. We should
do what we can to produce peace and harmony,
no matter what we may suffer.

We [have a] greater responsibility than ever
before — as men of the priesthood, as women of
the Church, and as the youth who are the leaders
of tomorrow — to make our homes such as will
radiate to our neighbors harmony, love, commu-
nity duties, loyalty.

Elder Gordon B. Hinckley

There is hunger in the land, and a genuine thirst
— a great hunger for the word of the Lord and
an unsatisfied thirst for things of the spirit. Ours
is the obligation and the opportunity to nourish
the soul.

President Hugh B. Brown

I would like to say to you young men that those
of us who are growing older will pass on. We
must pass the torch to you. You must have the
faith to hold it high. You have the authority and
will have greater priesthood than you have now,
those of you with the lesser priesthood; you will
be expected to represent the Church, and in that
representation you will represent the Lord.

Elder Henry D. Taylor

We regard the Lord as our everlasting pattern

and example. May we then progressively develop
ivithin us those traits exemplified by him: kind-
ness, unselfishness, forgiveness, modesty, loyalty,
obedience, and love — the forgetting of ourselves
to think of others — to the end that we, too, may
from our experiences and sufferings become per-
fect and be privileged to dwell with him in the
presence of our Father in heaven.

Elder Theodore M. Burton

A person can never give what he does not re-
ceive. Unless we go to the house of the Lord taking

40

Era of Youth

with us the influence and Spirit of God, we cannot
expect God to fulfill the oath and promise he made
to those who really love and serve him out of the
abundance of their hearts.

Elder Sterling W. Sill

Every human soul ivas created in the image of
God, and each of us was endoived with a set of
the attributes and potentialities of Deity. The
greatest idea that I knoiv of in the tvorld is that
everyone tvho lives the principles of the gospel of
Jesus Christ tvill be given a far more miraculous

poiver whereby he will be able to attract from his
environment all of the elements necessary to be-
come even as God is.

President N. Eldon Tanner

We should know that the Lord stands ready to
help his children if they will put themselves in
tune through prayer and by keeping his com-
mandments. In fact, the Lord has said: "I, the
Lord, am bound when ye do what I say ; but when
ye do not what I say, ye have no promise." (D&C
82:10.)

January 1968

41

How to

Withstand

Social

Someday =,„

'^^ -«r speed 7"/"" «'*P up

'••s moral , eve/ %!'*". "o'^'' to
P'ead for a„ '" '^'nebody wiJI

mst migl,^ A"') somebody

'""> to God. ^*""" devo-

abot^if?"' "" ^o" «oin^ to do

Emerson saiU "j, ,.
the world to ,.•„ '^ *asy fa
""r'"'^ opmio„.'',;^^ .«fter the
f^o'-'ude to live' ;' " '^'y ■'"

»•« "-e great man '/.""" <»^"-
"•* midst of ^"'^''e Who in.

"''■"' perfect swletn""'"' ''^^P^

"•e grain of yo *, ' ^^ against
your special life?

By Elaine Cannon

You must, you know. Here are
five ways that work.

1. Make up your mind ahead
of time.

Consider WHY you have the
standards you do. Go deeper
than merely saying, "Because
I'm a Mormon." Why do Mor-
mons feel as they do? Consider
what conies next if you should
succumb to the wrong kind of
social pressure.

2. Have ready answers.
Think up clever, interesting,

fun but firm things to reply
when given an offer to lower
your standards in any way. "My
computer says NO." "But I
might break out in a terrible
rash!" ". . . and get grounded
for a week?" "Does a pay raise
come with it?"

3. Act with confidence.
You may be nervous or em-

but don't let it show. Don't hesi-
tate. Just remember, everyone
is NOT smoking or racing or
petting or cheating. . . . YOU
are not!

4. Change the subject.

Refuse to take such a stupid
offer seriously. Quickly move on
to another subject. Begin by
asking, "In how many languages
can you sing *Silent Night'?"
"What do you know about the
Mormons?"

„f" ™«"^^ how ™„eh y„„

Remember that vnu^ w
Father loves vo„". Heavenly
VOL o r -^ "' matches over
you, and will str^no-iu
^hen you am. ,^}^^'' ^ou

asain ih - '" ^^'^^- Read

S .^' ^"'P^^''^^ scripture in
^Phesians 6:13.17. "wu .

Sir..;" "-Si"

peace; ^^ ^««Pel of

o/i:ut::?;r ''•^ ^'■'^''■

abie to quench r<h ''," "'"" ""^
of the wicked ^" '"'^ •'^^'^

vation^'a'nlM"^ "•"»•«* Of sai.
iGod." >^"* '^ord of

L

fDEivvER

The Young
Mormons of

Colorado

44

• Are there really Mormon
teens all over the world?

What are Mormon youth like
in other places? How do they
look? What do they do for fun?
What kind of church life do they
have ? Are there more girls than
boys?

These are some legitimate
questions springing from youth
with hearts reaching wider than
their travels take them. Perhaps
you've had similar ideas cross

Era of Youth

In the

"Sobriety Shop"
at Larimer Square:
Richard Yeates,
Gordon Moore.

The gang

in the Garden

Restaurant

at the Square.

But come evening, these teens
can dress with their own kind of
sophistication. Properly and
prettily. Denver is a big- city,
with big city advantages of con-
certs, theaters, and lectures.

Boulder, nearby, is a famous
college town, and the quaint
shops and interesting characters
lining its busy streets are an im-
portant part of the world in
which these teens grow up.

2. Where Do They Go?

They sight-see! Colorado is a
top tourist attraction in the
United States. There are Pikes
Peak and the famous Red Rock
amphitheater, where the Taber-
nacle Choir has sung. There are
the Botanical Gardens to browse
in and learn about. There is new-
old Larimer Square — Denver's
answer to Chicago's Old Town
and Arizona's Scottsdale. It's a
new restoration of the old pio-
neer city of Denver a century
ago. Its smart art galleries and
picturesque stores are a great

your mind as you sit snug
in your own world, wherever
that may be, musing about your
life as a Mormon teen.

Somehow it's comforting and
strengthening, too, to know that
there are boys and girls in Hong
Kong, in Lima, in Taiwan, in
Alaska, in Amsterdam, and in
Denver who are your very same
age and whose ideals and prob-
lems are similar to yours. You've
been told that they are there, all
right. You know their gospel
standards and their religious
beliefs. But what are they
REALLY like, these teens in
another city, another land?

Let's consider the Rocky
Mountain area. Let's pinpoint
Colorado. Let's focus on Denver

January 1968

and its environs and meet the
teens there.

1. How Do They Look?

The "Mile High City" teens
have a look all of their own.
Their cheeks glow with health
and their eyes sparkle. Their
manner is casual and straight-
forward. They're friendly and
unaffected. The girls wear their
hair in simple styles, and they
dress casually. They use little
makeup and are proud of their
strong, lithe figures.

The boys are long-legged and
firm, with close-cropped hair,
wide-open eyes and alert expres-
sions. One gets the feeling that
they can handle any situation.
They're rugged but well be-
haved, too. They favor open-
collared shirts and jeans.

Eats ahead

(or behind):

Sylvia Runyon, Clark

Hodgkinson, Lane Mickelson,

Sharon Pratt, Jim

Wariner, and Richard Yeates.

45

A doorway

at Larimer SqCiare:

Clark Hodgkinson,

Sylvia Runyon.

'" ■"-"- '',-4

attraction and a keen influence
on young Coloradoans. A favo-
rite with Mormon youth is the
Sobriety Shop — an ice cream
parlor decorated in the Victorian
manner with a sign over the
entrance proclaiming "Down
With Demon Rum!" They visit
the state capitol and wish they
all had a school facility as fabu-
lous as the new John F. Kennedy
Junior-Senior High School some
of them attend.

46

3. What Do They Do?

For one thing, they play the
guitar, same as you do. But their
songs are more apt to have a
western flavor, in the mood of
the wide-open range and the
campfire they sing around after
a cook-out in their rugged moun-
tains. These towering peaks
seem to set the tone of their life.
They love horses, hiking, snow
skiing, and outdoor sports of all
kinds. There is always some-

thing to do in Colorado. They go
to school dances but not to pub-
lic ones. And they favor home
parties to the "night on the
town" popular with nonmem-
bers. Their social life is very
Church-oriented. Rather than
joining outsiders, they bring the
nonmembers to Church func-
tions. Church facilities are
beautiful, new, spacious, and
welcoming.

Era of Youth

Linda Roper
and Douglas Udy
at Boulder.

selves, and the mission home
echoes with the discussion
groups missionaries hold for the
contacts the Scott girls have
brought home. It's common to
talk about: "How many discus-
sions have you had?" "When is
your baptism date?" "How long
have you been a member?" "My
roommate is amazed at the
change the gospel has made in
me." "President and Sister Scott
really understand young people.
It's great to be in their mission."
"I'm so glad I found the Church
while I'm still young. Life is so
much better this way."

Kathy Flynn
and Roy Halladay
and slippery
boards.

4. What About Church Life?

Besides the full Church pro-
gram (there are three stakes in
the Denver-Boulder area), there
are vigorous mission programs
involving many of the LDS
teens. Western States Mission
headquarters are in Denver in a
marvelous old mansion, which is
the show-off spot in the archi-
tectural field there. President
and Sister Verl F. Scott have a
household of teenagers them-

January 1968

Denver Botanic

Gardens: Debbie

Heger, Nancy Shafer,

Neal Henry, Howard Evans,

and Paul Young.

1 w

Randy Wolfe,
Doug Wyatt,
Karen Micke/son,
Kris Walker,
and friends.

Era of Youth Cover:
Viewing the scenic sights of
Denver — Nancy Shafer,
Paul Young, Jim
Wariner, Clarl< Hodgkinson,
Sylvia Runyon, Lane
Mickelson, Sharon Pratt,
Richard Yeates, Kris
Walker, Karen Mickelson,
Randy Wolfe, Doug Wyatt,
Janice Alldredge, Don
Christensen, Brad Parker,
Valerie Steffenson, Linda
Roper, Douglas Udy,
Neal Henry, Howard
Evans, Debbie Heger.

Their huge youth chorus
(about 300 voices) is rehearsing
diligently for their special part
in Tabernacle services in Salt
Lake City during June Confer-
ence. There is a full Church life,
plus exciting Mormon friends,
thrilling missionary activities,
and sweet spiritual growth in
the Rockies for Mormon youth.

Atop the

Denver mission home,

President and Sister

Scott's children: Jackie,

Richard, Paula, Rhonda,

Barbara, Colleen, and

Wendy, at right above.

Indian-buffalo

statue at

Capitol:

Paul Young

Howard Evans.

^I^m

I

As a top-raiiKing teenager, Lee-
Ann Bingham holds the office of
"head girl" for the John F. Ken-
nedy High School. In many areas
this would correspond to the same
office as student body president.
LeeAnn had the honor of being a
delegate at the National Student
Council Leadership Conference at
Camp Cheley in Estes Park, Colo-
rado, last August.

Her interests are varied. She
was chosen as Miss Photogenic of
Profile, the Kennedy High School
yearbook. She was selected as
Sweetheart of Key Club. She serves
with the rank of captain in the
Honorary Cadets of ROTC, and
within this organization she has
attained her ninth sharp-shooter's
bar on the girls' rifle team. She
will represent her school this year
as their queen candidate to the all-
city military ball. She has found
the joy of dancing in Orchesis.
Along with her extracurricular
activities, she also belongs to the
National Honor Society.

LeeAnn presently serves as Sun-
day School librarian. One of her
favorite activities in MIA is drama,
and she has had two leads in play
productions.

■Thomas Jackson Ailred, who

was born September 21, 1948, has
been active in scouting and school. ^
He has earned seven individual
awards and served as an officer in
his priesthood quorums. A Duty to
God award winner, he is an Eagle
Scout. He attended seminary for
four years and was an honor stu-
dent in high school, where he
served as science club treasurer and
speech club vice-president. He also
served on the student council, let-
tered in gymnastics, and was chosen
as Junior Rotarian. Tom was named
principal nominee to the United
States Military Academy at West
Point but declined this in favor of
a scholarship to Brigham Young
University. He recently received a
call to the Andes South Mission.

On
the

Scene
with

the Editors

Attending a high school where
there are few LDS youth can be a
challenge. That is the way it is at
South High in Denver, Colorado ;
but even though she is in the
minority, Rhonda Hanlin is active
in both school and church.

Besides being a member of pep
club, she also belongs to South
High's girls' service club and the
Inter-Club Council. She sings in the
concert choir, too.

Rhonda, who joined the Church
five years ago, has earned four in-
dividual awards and was graduated
from seminary. She has been a
chorister for both Primary and
Junior Sunday School.

Scott A. Monson recently re-
ceived an appointment as a mid-
shipman to the United States Naval
Academy at Annapolis, Maryland,
because of his scholastic, athletic,
and leadership abilities during high
school.

He earned letters in basketball,
football, and track, and was chosen
as a member of the all-conference
football team.

Scott is a leader. In many of the
elementary grades he was class
president, and was "head boy" in
junior high. In high school he was
choir president, sophomore class
vice-president, secretary of the stu-
dent body, and pep king attendant.
Each year an award is given to the
outstanding boy and girl in the
junior class, and he received this
award.

None of his outside activities
were permitted to interfere with

The enthusiasm Debbie Birch of

Denver, Colorado, has for both the
Church and school is an example of
how youth of the Church can dedi-
cate themselves to our Heavenly
Father, have many friends, and
still be a top student and leader.
Debbie is 17 years old. For two
years she has been a member of the
National Honor Society, and during
the summer of 1967, she was a
Girls' State representative.

Debbie plays the piano and cello
and for three years has received
superior ratings in the state solo
and ensemble contest playing the
cello. She loves to sing and is a
member of the concert and madri-
gal choirs in school. In her senior
year she was elected to the coveted
position of editor-in-chief of the
high school annual. She is a mem-
ber of the pep club and is secretary
of Orchesis, a modern dance club.

his Church duties and responsibili-
ties. Each year he has earned an
individual award, and he's also been
a faithful home teacher.

He made the plebe football team
at Annapolis and considers Sunday
the best day of the week. He now
attends the Annapolis Ward.

"An outstanding boy." "A fine
young man." "A credit to his fam-
ily, his school, and his Heavenly
Father." These are the things
people who have met him say about
14-year-old Lyle S. Hileman.

Lyle is a leader. He has been
president of the deacons quorum,
senior patrol leader in scouting,
president of his school choir, and
"head boy" at the John F. Kennedy
Junior High School, where there
are 1,500 students. He is a top stu-
dent in school and seminary.

A natural athlete and a very fine
gymnast, he has performed special
exhibitions at the school basketball
games and has received many
honorary awards. He plays the
guitar whenever he has a few min-
utes to spare, sometimes even when
he could be cutting the lawn or
making the bed!

Lyle is an active youth mission-
ary for the Church. He managed
to spend a good part of his Eagle
Scout interview telling the board
members, none of whom were LDS,
about the Church.

50

Improvement Era

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51

Iflu5trafed by She/ry Thompson

Teaching

Conducted by the
Church School System

eminine- Flavored
Church History

By Kenneth W. Godfrey

Director, Palo Alto Institute of Religion

• Probably because our Church is
priesthood centered, many good
teachers forget the great women
who have had an impact on Latter-
day Saint history. It is true that
the prophets have had the greatest
effect on the Church and its mem-
bers, but quiet, selfless mothers
exert a profound influence through
the home. It is difficult to imagine
Joseph F. Smith becoming an apos-
tle without a mother like Mary
Fielding, or Heber J. Grant attain-
ing his prophetic calling without
the training he received in the
home from a devoted, widowed
mother. Joseph Smith's mother
was among the first to believe his
account of the First Vision, which
must have been a great comfort to
a boy of 14.

When Church leaders are se-
lected, as much attention is fre-
quently given to the kind of wife
the man has as to his own great
qualities. Thus it becomes im-
portant for every teacher of Church

history to stress the profound im-
pact great Mormon mothers and
wives have had on the Church and
its leaders. This article will dis-
cuss some noteworthy incidents in
the lives of Latter-day Saint women
and how such experiences can help
the Church history teacher.

Many Latter-day Saints have
given up fame, fortune, and secu-
rity for the Church. Orson Spen-
cer's wife, a college graduate, was
cut off from former associations
with prominent friends when she
publicly avowed Mormonism. Her
parents become so embittered
that they refused her admission
into their home and advised her
that they did not care to correspond
with her again.

Then came the year 1846, a year
of great decisions. Latter-day
Saints had to leave fine homes and
productive farms and begin jour-
neying a thousand miles to wrest
a new home from a reluctant
wilderness. Sister Spencer became

seriously ill and was confined to
bed in a covered wagon. After
five days of rain and sleet while
camping at Sugar Creek, she be-
came much worse.

The fifth night the storm in-
creased in its severity; Little
streams of water trickled through
the holes in the canvas stretched
over the wagon, and kind friends
held milk pans over the sick wife to
catch the water and keep her from
being drenched. Occasionally she
would look out through the open-
ings in the wagon cover and see
the lightning leap across the mid-
night sky.

The next morning a messenger
arrived in camp from Nauvoo,
carrying a letter for Orson Spencer.
Previously Elder Spencer had writ-
ten to his wife's parents to inform
them of her ill health and requested
that she be allowed to stay with
them until she recovered. The
letter brought by the messenger
contained their answer. There in

52

Improvement Era

the cold, the mud, the barrenness,
and in awful sickness, his wife
heard their reply. -They said she
might be welcomed back if she
would denounce her faith. Should
she refuse, there was no place for
her in their home.

Sister Spencer listened to the
letter but murmured not a word.
As her husband completed it, she
turned to him and in a very weak
voice asked him to get his Bible
and read to her from the sixteenth
verse of the first chapter of Ruth.
Complying, he read, "And Ruth
said, Intreat me not to leave thee,
or to return from following after
thee: for whither thou goest, I will
go; and where thou lodgest, I will
lodge: thy people shall be my
])eople, and thy God my God."

As he ceased reading, a calm,
peaceful smile spread over the
lovely, refined face of his wife.
Her eyelids drooped and closed in
sweet, peaceful sleep. She was
dead. But her faith helped Elder
Spencer, and retelling the story can
help many young Latter-day Saints
as they make momentous decisions
of their own in a twentieth century
world. ^

Another great Mormon woman
was influenced by the Book of
Ruth. Sarah Pea, 17, who lived in
Looking Glass Prairie, Illinois, was
converted to the Church. Her
father, a Methodist circuit rider,
and her mother also joined. The
father and mother desired that
their daughter marry within their
newly found faith. Missionaries
frequently spent the night at the
Pea home, and on at least two
occasions Sarah was told that there
was a man within the Church
whom she should marry.

When the missionaries next met
the young man they had described,
they infonned him that there was
a young lady living in Looking
Glass Prairie, Illinois, whom he
should marry. Taking their advice,
he wrote her a letter in which he

said in part, "You have been
recommended to me as being a
saint of the latter days and worthy
of my attention. One that I could
take comfort with and could take
comfort with me."

When Sarah received this letter,
she was concerned and seriously
desired to do the right thing. She
knelt in prayer and asked the will
of the Lord regarding her problem.
Then turning to the family Bible,
she let it fall open and, without
looking, put her finger on a verse,
sincerely believing that the text
beneath would answer her diffi-
culty, She, too, read the sixteenth
verse of the first chapter of Ruth;
she married the man, Charles C.
Rich, and it could almost truth-
fully be said, "They lived happily
ever after."

How many young people today
go to the Lord in prayer regarding
their marriage and then have the
faith to abide by the answer they
receive? Many Latter-day Saints
could learn a lesson in trust from
17-year-old Sarah Pea.

Zina D. Huntington Young, for
many years president of the Relief
Society of the Church, was said to
be a perfect example of the teach-
ings of Paul in 1 Corinthians 13;
yet, with all her tenderness and
exquisite delicacy of motive and
act, there was a sturdy strength
about her that made up the heroic
part of her character. It is related
of her that on one occasion she was
told that a certain woman did not
like her, whereupon she replied,
"Well, I love her, and she can't
help herself."

Many people today could profit
from her example and learn to act,
not react. We should not allow
others to determine our behavior.

Aunt Zina, as she was called, saw
her mother die because of the
severity of the Missouri persecu-
tions. The other members of the
family were so ill that only two of
them could attend the funeral. Her

father also died at Camp Pisgah
after the Saints were driven from
Nauvoo. Deaths were so frequent
that it was difficult to find people
well enough to bury the dead.

After arriving in the Great Basin,
Sister Huntington taught school
and became known for her philan-
thropic deeds. At the death of
Eliza R. Snow, she was sustained
as the general president of the
Relief Society. Her life was one
of great devotion and love for the
Church.

A New Beginning

By Zara Sabin

Today is new,

a new beginning^.

What matters last week's,

last year's winning

or losing, if I

can take this gift

of life and time —

this precious gift —

ivith hope and faith,

to do, to see,

what the Master saith:

"Come, follow me. "

In the Salt Lake Valley, women
continued to play an important role
in Mormon life. Leah Ivins
Cardon, daughter of Anthony W.
Ivins, tells an incident that hap-
pened while she lived in Mexico
with her parents. She relates that
the most thrilling story of her
childhood involved a young girl
who stood on a bed of coals with-
out a murmur until her feet burned
black and curled up under her,
rather than betray her boyfriend
into the hands of the Mexican
army.

She also relates how her Aunt
Maggie Bentley took a little baby
and his four brothers and sisters
into her home and heart following

January 1968

53

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the death of their mother, "Aunt
Gladys." Instead of six in the
family, she now had 11. Two
months later she rode up the steep
dugway to the top of the hill, her
own little son in a tiny white box
beside her. In her arms was Aunt
Gladys' baby.-

George Q. Cannon's wife pre-
served the body of her firstborn son
so he could be brought back from
San Francisco for burial in Zion.
Then, while en route to Salt Lake
City, her second child, who was
only a baby, died. Both children
were brought to the valley and
tearfully buried. Yet her faith re-
mained secure, and she lived to
bear other children and raise a
fine family.

Elizabeth I. Pulsipher, who
crossed the plains when she was
12 years old, recounted her experi-
ences as follow:

"We went up the Missouri River
to Fort Leavenworth, where we
met the ox teams. I do not re-
member how many days we trav-
eled before Mother was run over.
She was leaning out of the wagon
to call father to come take the
baby, as the driver wanted her to
walk, when her feet slipped and
she was run over and severely
injured. We traveled on four days
after she was hurt. Arriving at

Fort Laramie, they placed mother
in an old log house, which had no
doors or windows. There I was
left with a helpless mother, a sick
baby, and all the children to take
care of. There were seven in the
family. Though only twelve years
old, I was up nearly every night
with the sick baby. Father had to
work at the Fort for our bread. . . .

"I am sure, however, that the
Lord was with us and blessed us.
One day, as I was frying bacon, I
poured the hot grease into a cup
and set it upon a high shelf. My
little brother, nine years old, want-
ing a drink, reached up for the
cup and spilled the hot grease on
his face. I grabbed the bucket
of water and threw it on him. The
hot grease left no sign of a burn."'

Several Gentiles tried to persuade
her father to abandon his effort to
gather to Zion and to go back to
Omaha with them. The night be-
fore thev were to leave. Mother
Pulsipher had a dream, or vision, in
which a man came and stood by
her bed and told her not to go
back, but to go to Zion. This man
had long white hair and a beard.
He told the mother that there
would be two ox trains the next
day, and one of them would take
the entire family to Salt Lake City.

The next day when the wagon

Mending This Pitcher

By Elaine V. Emans

Mending this pitcher makes me realize

That everyone is

Either a mender or a non-mender.

A child will work with his

Toy that is broken clumsily, and ask

For help, or throw it out.

A man will find excuses to repair

Old favorites, or doubt

That any tinkering woidd be of use.

A woman sees the good

Of mending anything from bric-a-brac

To broken hearts that could

Be made to sing again, or doesn't see it.

Mending this pitcher, now,

I like to think whatever 's in disrepair

Could be improved .somehow.

Improvement Era

came to take the family back to
Omaha, the mother emphatically
declared that she would not go.
The first ox train arrived but was
too loaded to take the family with
them. The captain of the second
told the father the same thing. All
the mother said was, "We're going."

Finally a wagon returned and
the stricken family departed for
their home in the mountains. The
mother was still so sick from her
injuries that it was difficult to
travel. Elizabeth was required to
hold her little sister, who was
extremely ill, and on the third day
the child died. Washing the body,
clothing it, and sewing it into
cloth, because there was no coffin
in which to bury the lifeless body,
were the tasks of Elizabeth, not yet
in her teens. The mother walked,
for the first time since her accident,
to the small grave, and following
the funeral she continued walking
the rest of the way to the valley.*

In addition to numerous thrilling
stories of faith and courage, many
other interesting and important
items regarding the Church's his-
tory can be learned from women.
For example, Margaret Mclntire
Burgess gives us an intimate
glimpse into the Prophet Joseph's
private life. As a child, she lived
next door to him and his wife
Emma in Nauvoo and states:

"The Prophet was often in our
home for short visits. One morn-
ing he came in and he noticed I
had a piece of flannel around my
throat. He inquired if my throat
was sore. Mother told him it was,
and she was afraid it was the
mumps. He called me to him, took
me upon his lap, took the flannel
off and asked mother for the oil.
He anointed my throat with the
oil and then he administered to
me. I knew I was well, as I got
down from his lap after which I
felt no more sore throat. . . ."°

She further relates that one

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Nauvoo spring day she was walk-
ing to school with her brother
when they got stuck in the mud.
As the little boy began to cry, he
looked up and saw the Prophet.
He carried them out o£ the mire
and then took his handkerchief and
wiped the tears from their eyes,
cleaned the mud from their shoes,
and sent them on to school
rejoicing.

On another occasion the Prophet
came to Sister Mclntire and asked
to borrow one of her babies. The
mother exclaimed, "Why, Brother
Joseph, what do you want with one
of my babies?"

"Well," he replied, "I want one
of them for my wife, to comfort
her."

He talked with the mother and
she finally told him he could have
one baby (she had twins) through
the day if he would bring it back
at night. So the bargain was made,
and the Prophet smiled with grati-
tude. One evening the baby was
not brought home at its usual time,
The mother, worried, went to see
what was the matter, and found
Joseph Smith sitting by the fire
rocking the young girl. He had
her wrapped up in a little silk quilt
and was singing to her.

These three incidents portray the
love and reality of the Prophet
better than a thousand sermons.

Another interesting insight into
our history concerns the difficulties
of Mary Fielding Smith after the
death of her husbapd, Hyrum
Smith, and the departure of the
Saints for the Great Basin. One
day her son Joseph F. Smith, who
was just a boy, sat in the upper
chamber of their Nauvoo home
into which ran the pipe of the
sitting room stove below, thus mak-
ing it possible to hear distinctly the
voices of those in the sitting room.

The boy knew that his brother
John had left secretly, or at least
quietly, with the first refugees in

the company of Brother Heber C.
Kimball. He also knew that his
mother would follow with her little
family sooner or later. But he was
startled to hear the voice of his
uncle William Smith lifted in anger
with his beloved mother for per-
mitting John to be spirited away.
The boy heard his uncle demand
the return of the patriarch's son;
and as the mother quietly and
firmly refused, he became abusive
in his language, and the boy longed
for maturity in order that he might
defend his helpless mother. Still,
Mary Fielding Smith remained
firm and unshaken in her allegiance
to the gospel and accepted without
question the succession of the
Twelve to the leadership of the
Church.*'

One Mormon woman, Mary Ann
Winters, used to gather wild
flowers to decorate the graves of
dead loved ones in the spring of
the year. This was a long time
before May 30 was proclaimed a
national holiday. Sister Winters
said she thought it a shame that
the graves of all the dead were so
neglected, and that it would be a
fine thing if there were a special
day set apart for everybody to go
and fix up the graves and plant
them with flowers."

Mary Ann Stearnes Pratt reported
that while living in Kirtland, Ohio,
she was shown the Egyptian mum-
mies. "When I saw them," she
said, "they frightened me very

much— they were dark in color, and
hard as metal, and the cloth they
were wrapped in was petrified ."

Sister Pratt also stated that con-
gregational singing was the favorite
part of the Sabbath day worship
for her as a little girl. Such songs
as "The Spirit of God Like a Fire
Is Burning," "Now Let Us Rejoice,"
"Glorious Things of Thee Are
Spoken," "Redeemer of Israel,"
and "There's a Feast of Fat Things
for the Righteous Preparing" were
as familiar to her as "her daily
breath" and were sung from the
heart.'*

Speaking of music, the greatest
singer in Nauvoo was Susan De-
vine, sister-in-law of William Pitt,
the leader of the brass and string
bands of Nauvoo. A Mrs. Pitch-
forth was an accomplished pianist
who went from house to house
giving melodeon, piano, and organ
lessons in Nauvoo. She taught the
families of John Taylor and Heber
C. Kimball. And one of the most
famous Mormon writers of hymns
was Eliza R. Snow, an extremely
gifted woman.

The Church has produced a
galaxy of women singers of varied
rank and power. Among them, in
early days, were such women as
Elizabeth Ann Whitney, Mary
Ellen Kimball, Melissa Jane Bigler
Lambson, Sophia Goodrich Hardy,
Emily Partridge and Emmeline B.
Wells. Hazel and Margaret Tout
became successful singers of light

Busy Signal

By Maureen Cannon

Cradling it, crooning, curled tight as a snail;

Cuddling it lovingly, secretly; pale

Hair like a shield, like a gossamer veil;

Whispering wisdoms and whimsies she's known

(Eve in the garden, Eternal Female!)

Ever since yesterday. My, how she 's grown!

Jan, our teenager, is using the phone.

56

Improvement Era

opera, and Nannie Tout had a voice
that many beHeved quahfied her
for the opera, but she gave up her
promising career to raise a family.'-*

Among Church singers, Emma
Lucy Gates was supreme. Of in-
ternational fame, her talent placed
her among the greatest sopranos
this world has produced. With a
range of over three octaves, her
silver notes were as true and as
"free as a carolling bird's."^" Miss
Gates had the distinction of being
the first Utah singer who attained
to grand opera. She was the prima
donna of the Berlin and Cassell
Royal opera houses.

Among women instrumentalists
who achieved places of distinction
were Sybella Clayton, pianist, and
Romania Hyde, violinist. Sister
Clayton studied in Germany and
was said to have almost a mascu-
line touch on the piano, combined
with a delicacy of expression that
was at the time almost un-
surpassed.^^

This list, of course, only scratches
the surface of the number of great
Mormon women musicians.

Women have also played their
role in Mormon history in terms of
the theatrical arts. Such women as
Edith Clawson, Lottie Claridge,
and Birdie Cummings, through
their magnificent portrayals, bright-
ened many a cold winter evening
for residents of Salt Lake City.
And Mormons turned out en masse
to watch such famous actresses as
Julia Dean Hayne, for whom Brig-
ham Young had a special sleigh
built, which required six horses to
draw. The famous Maude Adams
stole not only many scenes but also
the hearts of Salt Lakers with her
delicate and sentimental per-
formances in the old Salt Lake
Theatre.'-

Mrs. John Sharp, when only a
young girl, did so well the first
time she recited that she was in-
vited to perform before President

January 1968

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Brigham Young and other Church
dignitaries at a meeting of the
Polysophical Society. She was
rather terrified at the thought, but
a new white dress convinced her
that she should render "The
Drunkard's Child" before this awe-
some group.

"When the great occasion ar-
rived, the hall was soon filled to
overflowing, and many had to be
turned away. The program lasted
for some hours; and then there was
a recess: then more program. No
one thought to call upon the child
early, so that, when her turn came,
she was awakened from a sound
sleep— her head pillowed on her
neighbor's arm— by hearing her
own name called. Dazedly she
recollected that she was to recite
The Drunkard's Child,' and in a
moment was on her feet bowing to
President Young and other authori-
ties. She finished her long selec-
tion without missing a word or a
gesture, turning her dark brown
eyes to heaven and pleading with
her hands. As she completed the
last lines:

" 'Amongst millions of earth, not
one friend can I claim,

To wipe off my tears or to call
me by name.

On my cold bed of straw, I will
lie down and die.

And my prison-filled soul will
ascend upon high,

When Jesus in accents of mercy
so mild

Will comfort forever the poor
drunkard's child.'

"There was a storm of applause
that sent her scurrying to her
mother. She was so frightened that
she buried her head in Sister Nes-
len's lap: nor could either the
applause, or her mother's persua-
sion, prevail upon the child to
come out and give an encore, or
even a bow."'''

It becomes apparent that the
teacher who remembers the role of

women in the progress of the
Church can enliven his lessons by
viewing its history through their
eyes.

It becomes easy to identify with
our pioneer women as we hear of
willing sacrifices they made for the
gospel's sake. We can see great en-
during faith in the Savior. We can
visualize death, sorrow, and loneli-
ness that were met, conquered, and
faced again because of a devotion
to a cause these women knew was
true. We can capture a glimpse
into the happiness of a pioneer
dance after a hard day in the fields,
the joy of a new birth, the happi-
ness and sorrow of a departing
missionary son or father.

We can receive new insight into
motives that led people to give up
fruitful trees, lovely houses, and
fertile fields at the request of the
Prophet and to build anew in a
virgin, alien land. We struggle with
them through the pain and anguish
of lonely childbirth, the dreary
davs of work and toil that somehow
were not dreary or lonely because
of socials, meetings, and farewells.

And when we are through and
the lesson is taught, we find that
our own life has changed and we
too have greater faith and deter-
mination, in the words of Ruth May
Fox, to "carry on."

FOOTNOTES

^Nichola.s G. Morgan, "And Thus History
Was Made," The Improvement Era, Vol. 43
(1940), p. 399.

"Leah Ivins Cardon, "The Land of Manana,"
The Improvement Era, Vol. 37 (1934), pp.
131-33.

^Elizabeth I. Pulsipher, "An Amazing Life
Hi.story," The Relief Society Magazine, Vol. 15
(1928), pp. 389-90.

*Ihid.

'•Margaret Mclntire Burgess, "Mothers in
Israel," The Relief Society Magazine, Vol. 5
(1918), pp. 14-15.

"Susa Young Gates, "Mothers in Israel," The
Relief Society Magazine, Vol. 3 (1916), p. 131.

"Mary A. Stearnes Winters, "Mothers in
Israel," The Relief Society Magazine, Vol. 4
(1917), pp. 427-28.

"Mary Ann Frost Stearnes Pratt, "Reminis-
cences," The Relief Society Magazine, Vol. 3
(1916), p, 432.

""Music in the Church and in the Relief
Society," The Relief Society Magazine, Vol. 2
(1915), pp. 438-39.

lojbid., p. 440.

"Ibid.

^Horace G. Whitney, "The Story of th«! Salt
Lake Theatre," The Improvement Era, Vol, 18
(1915), pp. 508, 580, 686, 790.

^^Ramona Cannon, "Reminiscences of Mrs.
John Sharp," The Relief Society Magazine, Vol.
13 (1926), pp. 350-51.

improvement Era

Fblly into Ibmily Fan

"Lcf us all he happy and live
within our means, even if loe have
to borrow the money to do it."—
Artemus Ward.

Brother Harrison had been con-
cerned abont liis financial problems
for some time. Pie recalled with
embarrassment the times he had
criticized his wife for being too
free with money when she \\'ent
shopping. But when Sister Harri-
son revie\\'ed her food expendi-
tures and household supply pur-
chases, he was ashamed because it
was obvious that she was being
frugal. As to the food budget, per-
haps it was even questionable if tlK>
family were eating properly.

One Sunday night, Bishop Bar-
ton admonished the ward members
to "get out of debt." After meeting.
Brother Harrison approached the

By Quinn G. McKay

bishop in a state of dejection.
"Bishop, we've tried to get out of
debt," he began, "but we can't
even make ends meet. I've chided
my family not to spend so much,
but it doesn't seem to do any good.
I'm two months past due on my car
payments, and we don't even have
enough to fill the car with gas so I
can drive to work. Ill have to
charge the gas again. Could you
come over and see what is wrong?"
Monday night the bishop visited
the Harrisons. Michael Harrison
was making a modest salary, but it
was apparently not enough for his
family to live on, even though other

families seemed to manage on no
more. Bishop Barton, with the help
of Brother Harrison, first listed all
of the family's monthly obligations,
such as house and automobile pay-
iTKMits, medical bills, payment on
water softener, payment for food
plan, gas bills for car, utilities, and
all other items.

After comparing expenses and
salary, the bishop said, "Why, your
monthly obligations total $140
more than your monthly take-home

"Oh, that can't possibly be true!
There must be a mistake," Brother
Harrison said in disbelief. After

Dr. Quinn G. McKay, dean of the division of business and economics at Weber
State College, Ogden, Utah, has a rich professional background in human be-
havior, business policy, and personnel management, and has served in advisory
capacity in Nigeria and Burma. He is bishop of the Ogden 72nd Ward.

January 1968

59

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reviewing the figures twice, he sat
back bewildered, murmuring,
"How could that have happened?
How could that ]iossibly have
happened?"

Sound far fetched? It is an actual
case; only the names have been
disguised. Recently a lawyer who
regularly handles personal bank-
ruptcies told the author, "This is
the same storv I hear over and over

again.

60

How does it happen? The recipe
is in a simple six-word phrase: It's
easy to say "Charge it." Handling
credit and credit cards is a difficult
thing for many people. It is true
that credit cards and charge ac-
counts are convenient, and those
who have no financial problems
can afford the convenience. How-
ever, at the time of purchase, many
psychologically blank out the idea
that one day soon there must be
money plus interest to pay for
purchases. They too often just
think, "I want it, and I can get it
with my credit card." Then it is
easy for them to get it by saying
"Charge it."

There are some arguments in
favor of credit or other forms of
borrowing, but for many people
there are serious dangers that are
too easily overlooked. Some of
these are:

1. Little psycho] o'^icol restraint.
Some department store salesmen
friends of the writer have told him
that whenever they can find out if
a customer is using a charge ac-
count, they can usually sell him 50
percent to 100 percent more than
he had planned to purchase. Cash
customers, they say, are not so
easily persuaded. This points up
the fact that use of cash or even a
checkbook exercises a degree of
healthy restraint that credit cards
lack.

2. Credit is costly. Interest rates
on loans for houses can be ob-
tained, depending upon the locale,

Improvement Era

for around 6y2 to 'IVz percent. But
most consumer credit is consider-
ably more; common interest rates
are 12 to 36 percent per year, and
rates charged by loan sharks and
pawnbrokers may even be as high
as 500 percent and more.

Sadly, most people hardly think
of the cost of money at all; they
think of the amount only in terms
of "equal monthly installments."
Potential lenders may advertise
"low monthly payments," and the
buyer more often than not will say
to himself, "It is only $6.14 per
month," without any thought that
many times he will be paying
$118.00 for an item that would only
cost $100.00 had he paid cash. That
extra 18 percent {V-k percent per
month) needlessly consumes a lot
of the family budget. If most thing;;
are bought on Wz percent per
month, then by switching to cash
and eliminating credit buying, the
consumer could pay his tithing and
still have extra left over.

Why pay others for use of their
money at 18 percent or 36 percent
a year when, by putting it in a
savings account instead, you can
earn 5 percent and save 18 to 36
percent interest expense, for a net
gain of 23 to 41 percent?

If you must borrow or buy on
credit, calculate the cost. The cost,
which is as much as or more than
the monthly payments, is what
breaks the family budget. Adver-
tised cost is not always the real
cost. One should be careful to add
up all the costs. In one state, a
government committee^ investi-
gated 105 cases in which six percent
was quoted as the rate, but the
actual rates were:
1 case 6 percent
6 cases Between 7 and 10
percent
61 cases Between 11 and 20

percent

19 cases Between 21 and 30

percent

10 cases Between 31 and 100

percent
8 cases Between 101 and 619
percent

People who ignore costs of
money will nearly always be pay-
ing others to use their money when,
if they had used self-restraint and
wise savings, they could have
others paying them.

3. It is psychologicaUy bad to
still be paying, for something that
is already used up or worn out. To
be paying for a vacation months
after it has been enjoyed tends to
tarnish its memories. Saving ahead
and letting the bank pay for part
of the cost (interest on savings)
leads to a much better vacation.
Having all vacation bills paid
when the vacation is over is more
pleasurable than a bad monthly
payment after-taste.

4. "You need to charge in order
to establish credit in case you need
it some day" is an argument often
used to justify credit buying. If
that is why you charge a fe^v
things, all right— do it deliberately;
but don't use that as a cover-up for
having to charge something be-
cause of poor financial manage-
ment.

Personal bankruptcies are in-
creasing at an alarming rate. There
is probably more than one cause,
but one of the important causes is,
no doubt, the easv credit that can
be obtained by almost anyone but
that is properly handled by very
few. Disturbingly, we seem to live
in the "charge-it," "monthly pay-
ment" age.

"The ordinary life cycle in the
United States starts with a lay-
away plan in the baby department
of a convenient store, wends its way
past the diamond counter of a
credit jeweler, finds credit beneath
an F.H.A. mortgage and is even-
tually laid to rest in a time-payment
cemetery plot. After that, presum-

ably, the terms are strictly cash."-
If a family is having no trouble
with their finances, presumably
they are handling credit all right
and need not woriy. However, if
making ends meet is difficult, a
close look at credit buying is in
order. There are two suggestions;

1. Draw up a plan that will get
you out from underneath the
monthly payment burden. You
must first arrange to avoid incur-
ring any more monthly payment
purchases. Move to cash. Then set
up a systematic monthly payment
plan that will, within a certain
time schedule, eliminate all install-
ments except house payment and
utilities. This may be hard to do
alone, but your bishop may be able
to suggest someone in your ward
who knows how to manage fi-
nances and who can supply the
necessary expertise. Don't be afraid
to ask for help before a crisis arises.
Be prepared for a few months of
belt tightening until your financial
house is in order.

2. Today it seems that one must
either save or borrow. "Show me
one without savings and I'll show
vou one in debt" is almost a truism.
For almost any family, unexpected
expenditures arise from time to
time. Where there are no savings,
borrowing or credit is inevitable.
A sound savings program is irre-
placeable in smoothing out the
roughest financial seas and bring-
ing calm and security to a home.

Every Latter-day Saint family
should be on guard not to let the
"It's easy to say charge it" philos-
ophy spread distress and discord
in their family. Let savings provide
the oil that keeps the family
finances running smoothly and
quietly, and don't allow the unfore-
seen to disrupt the harmony in
the home. O

FOOTNOTES

^Colien iind Hanson, Personal Finance (Ir-
win. 1960), p. 98.

-Penn Kimball, "Cradle to Grave on Easy
Terms," New York Times Magazine, June 1,
1952, p. 15.

January 1968

61

The need for spiritual strength among men in military service in time of war is a self-evident fact, and one
of the principal reasons why most present-day military services maintain a chaplain corps in order that
representatives of various faiths may serve men of all faiths as well as of their own. At present, there are 27
Latter-day Saint chaplains in active U.S. military service (14 Army, 10 Air Force, 3 Navy) and 20 in the
military reserve and national guard units. Representing their fellow LDS chaplains in the following inter-
view are: Lt. Col. Timothy H. Irons (Army) of Nephi, Utah, stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas; Capt. Wayne E.
Kuehne (Army) of Salt Lake City, stationed in Vietnam; Capt. Arnold T. Ellsworth (Army) of Murray, Utah,
recently returned to the U.S. from Korea; Capt. Crozier K. Fitzgerald (Air Force) of Mesa, Arizona, stationed
in Ramstein, Germany; Major James R. Palmer (Air Force) of Tremonton, Utah, stationed in Japan; Lt.
Thomas R. Pocock (Navy) of Logan, Utah, stationed in Vietnam; Lt. Richard F. Wood (Navy) of Salt Lake
City, stationed at Norfolk, Virginia.

v*

"^^■^ *t ^«^

m^M

*"!»' ^*^ t

V

Ad, k

Capt. Ellsworth Capt. Fitzgerald Lt. Col. Irons

Capt. Kuehne Maj. Palmer

Lt. Pocock

Lt. Wood

The Era Asks

About Latter-day Saint Servicemen

"The commonly held view is that our servicemen
are in a sinkhole —This is far from true."

Q — From your observation, are Latter-day Saint
chaplains or services available to all LDS boys in the
military?

Col. Irons — In all areas with which I am ac-
quainted, where there are large numbers of service-
men, Latter-day Saint services are available. However,
regular contact with LDS chaplains is not available
to most of our servicemen. When there is a strong
need for the services of an LDS chaplain, the local
or unit chaplain will do his best to contact an LDS
chaplain. But the practice of having our LDS service-
men organize their own groups and authorizing them
to find each other is very helpful and fairly efficient.
The simplest way for an LDS serviceman to find
others of his faith, either in the field or aboard ship,
is to contact the unit chaplain. Almost without excep-
tion, military chaplains will do all they can to locate
either organized groups or individuals.

Lt. Pocock — There are many out-of-the-way bases
where an LDS group is not functioning. Particu-
larly is this the case when all the ships of the navy
are taken into consideration, but by contacting any
chaplain, other LDS boys may be found if aboard
ship or on base.

Capt. Kuehne — A schedule of LDS services is, as
a rule, published weekly— or may be published at
anyone's request— in the unofficial section of the
division or post bulletins. The bulletin is required
reading. Amazingly enough, however, I frequently
find that our members do not read these bulletins.
At Fort Knox many brethren told me that they had
been on the post for two weeks and were unable to
find LDS services, yet our services were listed in the
bulletin; they had neglected to read it. Aboard ship,
announcements may be made over the ship's intercom
and placed in the bulletin.

62

Improvement Era

A Marine reads Bible during break.

Religious services in Vietnam jungle.

9'^r^Ji^

Sacrament meeting at San Diego base.

^>

m.\

%..

An injured soldier receives comfort,
hope, from a Mormon chaplain's visit.

January 1968

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63

Only about 20 percent of our servicemen receive Ciiurc/i periodicals. "

Latter-day Saint servicemen meet in their group
meeting at New York military hospital.

(Left) Storage tank near Cu Chi serves as baptis-
mal font for new convert to Church.

Lt. Wood speaks at joint memorial services at Chu-lai.

Non-denominational meeting for Marines near DM2 line.

Q — From your observation, how are LDS servicemen
coping with the problems of loneliness, isolation
from others of their faith, and problems of moral
laxity surrounding them?

Major Palmer — While at the air force basic train-
ing center at Lackland, Texas, I found that many
young men became active in the Church for the first
time in many years. They were lost and lonely, emo-
tionally, mentally, and physically upset, and so they
returned to the one stable and strengthening part of
their lives— the Church. However, when thev left that
environment to go to a new assignment, they often
reverted to inactivity unless someone was there to
help them find the Church. I have found that young
men who are inactive and weak in the gospel will
probably continue that way until marriage or some
major need confronts them, or unless someone really
shows an interest in them.

Col. Irons — The common view seems to be that
our ser\'icemen live in a sinkhole of moral laxity. This
is far from true. It is true that there are those among
our soldiers who are depraved and degraded and
whose standards of conduct are not those of the
Latter-day Saint ideal, but there is a high percentage
of young men in the army today who are of high
character.

If our servicemen come into the service with the
proper moral and religious values, we need have
little fear for them. The ones we need to worry about
are the more than 50 percent (from my observation)
who were not faithful before they came into the
service, or who were not active at home, and who con-
tinue that same pattern after they are in the service.
I have found that in the combat zones, many of these
borderline cases respond to friendship, religious con-
ferences, and contact by the chaplain.

64

Improvement Era

Lt. Wood — To offset some of the natural problems
of loneliness and isolation, some LDS servicemen
participate in courses of study from the Brigham
Young University extension division or courses given
by the military. These courses can be of great help.

Q — How effectively are our LDS servicemen search-
ing out other LDS boys who are becoming inactive
during military service?

Col. Irons — During basic training the men are so
busy that their time for finding each other or for
organized searching for straying LDS servicemen is
limited. Here at Fort Bliss, Texas, we hold two sepa-
rate sets of religious services for basic trainees. We
encourage those who attend to look up those not
attending, and we have had some success in this effort.
But I would say that our servicemen— in this situation,
anyway— are not effective in reclaiming those who are
deserting gospel teachings. I think that most of our
men who come in with inadequate backgrounds do
not change very much, and conversely, those who live
gospel principles before they enter military service
do not, by and large, change their ways.
Capt. Fitzgerald — It is in this problem that our home
teaching and buddy systems come into play. We
first ask home teachers to visit each man. When
we are short of home teachers, we ask each member to
look after another. We usually have enough returned
missionaries and other active members who are
anxious to be responsible for all the LDS boys in
their barracks or squadrons. Once acquainted, our
boys know what to talk about, what to study, and
what to pray about. They have the Church in com-
mon and are no longer strangers. Through the bonds
of gospel fellowship, some spend their off-duty hours
together. When tempted to do wrong, they hold each
other up to gospel standards. However, something
should be said about moral standards. Many people
feel that it is in the military that a boy will let down
his standards, but my observations do not show this
to be the case. Many boys hear and see so much
associated with lower standards that they rededicate
themselves to the high standards they have been
taught at home and in the Church.
Major Palmer — I have found that members of the
Church in the military try more diligently and are
usually more successful in their efforts to find, assist,
and encourage their fellow members than any other
group in the Church. I feel th^t the primary reason
for this concentrated effort is the need for people to
staff our small branches. Servicemen go the extra mile
almost every day to seek out and make welcome every
member who arrives in their area. I have seen many
families activated at military bases. This fellowship-

ping is especially important for single men just arriv-
ing on base. The first two weeks are most critical to
the future activity of a single man. If he finds friends
outside of the Church, he could become inactive. It
is in this area that we most often fall down.
Capt. Kuehne — Members at home could greatly
assist in this matter of locating our boys. Often we
receive communications from bishops, parents, wives,
and others asking us to contact someone, but we need
to know the person's name, rank, unit designation,
and APO number. In Vietnam our servicemen are
doing a fine job of searching out one another. There
is a special bond that develops among LDS brethren
in Vietnam. I only wish it could be analyzed, pack-
aged, and prescribed throughout the Church wherever
it might be needed. Gospel principles gain new
perspective. The men see what moral laxity does, and
what violations of the word of God can do to a man.

Q — How are our servicemen doing in their roles as
ambassadors of the Church and truth?
Capt. Fitzgerald — Many of our men are doing a su-
perb job of setting a good example. By so doing,
the door is opened to questions about Church doc-
trine and practice. Many of our boys are able to
answer these questions with ease, but others hesitate
because they either don't know the answers or are
afraid they might be classified as a "preacher" or a
"holy joe."

Major Palmer — The boys who are active have often
stood out so dramatically that many people have
studied Church doctrines as ?l result. While in Europe
and now in Japan, I have seen hundreds of people
baptized into the Church because of LDS servicemen.
Lt. Wood — In the Northern District in South Viet-
nam during 1966, a total of 14 district missionaries
—all servicemen— were called and set apart. In spite
of war conditions, they baptized six servicemen. I
think this indicates the kind of ambassadorial work
they are doing among those who surround them.

Q — From your observation, how meaningful is the
gospel in the lives of our Latter-day Saint servicemen
in times of stress and challenge, in the face of un-
certainty and death?

Major Palmer — I have observed some of our LDS
families when their father or husband was leaving for
combat. They hate to leave one another, but they go
with an assurance that they will always have one
another, no matter what the outcome.
Lt. Wood — Vietnam certainly does produce occa-
sions to test a man's faith and how one reacts under
conditions of stress. Some men, foreseeing these
conditions, have asked for and received, prior to de-

January 1968

65

"Other LDS boys may be found
by contacting a chaplain
of any faith."

parture from home, blessings from the priesthood to
give them spiritual strength. To many of our LDS
servicemen, especially those in Vietnam, the gospel
means everything. The gospel gives them the knowl-
edge that come what may, things will turn out well
as long as they are faithful. Being young men, some
are concerned about their possibilities for eternal
marriage, should their lives be taken. It is always
consoling for them to learn that at some time, in this
life or the next, as long as they remain faithful, they
will have the opportunity to participate in eternal
marriage.

Capt. Kuehne — It has been my inexpert observa-
tion that many soldiers in Vietnam have a strange
optimistic-pessimistic duaHty that is very difficult to
define. It is expressed in the form of a "nothing is
going to happen to me, but why shouldn't it happen
to me?" philosophy. I am often amazed at the depth
of thought about the purpose of life that this attitude
produces. I have listened to several weave an intricate
fabric from these contrasting, yet somehow harmo-
nious views. It is a view of life that tries to include
all eventualities, a view that makes it possible for
many to adjust to the present situations. Against this
backdrop, the teachings of the gospel gain greatly in
meaning. It is difficult to observe life and death in
Vietnam at close range and remain aloof from their
implications to each individual. I have felt the broth-
erhood and love that exist in mission fields and in
isolated LDS groups, but I have not yet found a place
where the gospel has been more meaningful than
among our brethren in Vietnam. This feeling would
best be portrayed if one were to attend one of our
fast and testimony meetings. The brethren speak of
the simple truths of the gospel. It is their faith in
Jesus Christ and in the restored gospel that sustains
them in time of need.

Q — What areas of stress will a young man entering
the service most likely encounter?
Capt. Ellsworth — The list is not short and would in-
clude the following: radical change of environment;
regimentation and complete conformity in living con-
ditions (often the uniform is resented because a per-
son's individuality is suppressed); removal from the
family unit; change in one's economic habits; facing

reality and accepting complete responsibility for one's
actions; local figures, such as friends, bishops, and
neighbors, replaced by military authority; adjustment
to new associations not selected by personal choice;
radical adjustment in worship.

Capt. Kuehne — Entering the service, the young man
is first going to join a basic training unit. He
may resent the great degree of control exercised over
his every action and his loss of privacy. If he is
unable to discern the valid objectives underlying this
basic training, he may well draw conclusions that will
make his years in the service miserable. He may
falsely conclude that his efforts in the service are
ultimately a waste of time, and feel that no one is
interested in his personal welfare. It has been my
experience, both as an enlisted man and as a chap-
lain, that nothing could be further from the truth.
Also, I have observed that active LDS servicemen
encounter relatively little difficulty in adjusting to
their tour in the service. Certainly these men have
problems of finances, separations from loved ones,
and so forth, but they are still able to adjust. The
awareness of self-discipline that many active LDS men
bring into the service allows them to adjust and enjoy
their tours of duty.

I -think it also needs to be stressed that a few of
our active LDS brethren have difficulty in adjusting
to army life because they will not associate with
people who are not members of the Church. They
are quick to point out what they consider weaknesses
in other servicemen. I would suggest to brethren
entering the service that tolerance of other people is
not a compromise of principle. In the army it is very
difficult to avoid close contacts with those of other
faiths. Certainly an active member of the Church
should be able to create a harmonious relationship
with servicemen who have other standards or no
standards at all.

Col. Irons — It is important to realize that most officers
and training personnel are well aware of adjustment
problems and are understanding and helpful. Train-
ing personnel have been taught the importance of
helping these young men adjust to the military.
Many of the drill sergeants become almost father
figures for some men under them. I think that
sometimes we have a false view of military service.
It can be stressful, difficult, and trying, but I think
we would do well to remember that the vast
majority of our officers and non-commissioned offi-
cers understand the importance of the individual. The
military also recognizes the importance of strong moral
character. In the army the development and strength-
ening of moral character are encouraged by the
character guidance program, which makes each

66

Improvement Era

commander responsible for the encouragement of the low percentage of brethren who receive their

liigh moral standards in those under his command, packets of scriptures, Era, and Church News. My

As part of this program, a monthly discussion on experience indicates that 15 to 20 percent is a liberal

some important principle, such as self-discipline, estimate of the men who receive these items. The

prejudice, truth, honesty, marriage, and clean speech, returned missionaries bring up the average, since most

is participated in by all army personnel. of them are aware of what the wards should provide

them.

Q — How may the military experience be meaningful Lt. Wood — I would estimate that about 25 percent

in a young man's life? of our men receive the Era and Church News.

Col. Irons — A young man certainly matures under Capt. Ellsworth — I would assume that less than 50

military discipline and responsibility; he may learn percent receive Church publications. I have had

useful skills and gain understanding of gospel inactive brethren call my attention to specific articles

principles, of devotion to great causes, of concepts of in the Era and Church News. The Era is particidarly

duty, honor, and the necessity of sharing in the pro- good for filling their needs.

tection and maintenance of liberty and justice. Capt. Fitzgerald — I would say that only about 50

Capt. Kuehne — A certain sophistication and maturity percent receive Church periodicals. These materials,

that is meaningful comes to the discerning through when received, are usually welcomed and read over

travel outside normal geographical boundaries. and over, not only by our servicemen, but also by

Capt. Fitzgerald — Not all experiences one may en- interested buddies. We often hear the sentiment,

counter during the service will be pleasant. How- "Back home I never used to read the Era and Church

ever, they can be meaningful, and many will be en- News, but out here they are my way of life." Often

joyable and cherished experiences that will glow in the fact that the people back home cared enough to

one's heart and memory long after the uniform has send this material has more effect for good than the

been put in mothballs. Growth and development come printed word itself.

from a variety of good as well as bad experiences. Col. Irons — I have never found in any survey that
With the right attitude, this can greatly mature a more than 50 percent of our LDS servicemen re-
young man and prepare him for the future. The ceive the Era and Church News. A large number also
armed services help young people realize they are are not furnished with the packet of scriptures; yet
always answerable to others for their actions. The these items are inaportant means of replenishing and
opportunity to learn discipline, sacrifice, patience, and reinforcing the faith of our servicemen. I think it is a
endurance is a blessing. These are meaningful from shame and a sad commentary on the interest of those
the standpoint of reality in this existence where the responsible that .so many of our men do not have
law of opposition is always in operation, regardless these materials,
of where we are or what we are doing.

Q — What can we do to help assure the personal

Q — From your observation, what percentage of LDS success of our servicemen?

servicemen receive their packets of scriptures, "The Capt. Ellsworth — His personal success is spelled out

Improvement Era," and the "Church News" from in terms of personal experiences: a letter from the

their wards; and what influence do these materials bishop, quorum president, home teacher.

have in the lives of our servicemen? Col. Irons — The most important single thing for the

Lt. Pocock — Those LDS boys who have their service- serviceman is getting encouraging mail regularly from

men sets when they arrive at recurit training centers home and people who should care about him.

would number less than five percent. This means that Lt. Pocock — The first step consists of correspondence

95 percent apparently do not receive these materials by personal letters. The story is told of an elders

from the home wards. The number who receive quorum in Bountiful, Utah, which each Sunday

the Era and Church News would also be small, morning hands out addressed and stamped enve-

I am appalled at the lack of subscriptions given to lopes for all servicemen and missionaries. This means

the servicemen by their wards. I believe that if a that each week each quorum member in the service

survey were taken, it would show that only about 20 and mission field receives a personal letter. You

percent of the men receive these periodicals. And I would be shocked to learn of the number who

also believe that of this 20 percent, only about half ask, "Chaplain, why doesn't my ward send me the

come from the wards or quorums— the bulk come Church periodicals? Why don't they write to me?"

from the families of the servicemen. , My greatest suggestion is for people at home to do

Capt. Kuehne — Frankly, I am very disappointed in something about these matters! O

January 1968 67

Lest We Forget

Monument

in

Vermont

Illustrated by Dale Kilbourn

'^^.,j^8i^is

By Albert L. Zobell, Jr.
Research Editor

• When Elder Junius F. Wells
first saw the birthplace of the
Prophet Joseph Smith, nestling
in a right-hand pocket of the
White River Valley near South
Royalton, Vermont, in 1894,
he knew that a monument be-
longed there, but the idea
slumbered for many years.
Then, while he was in Boston
on family business in March
1905, the idea suddenly awa-
kened. Gaining approval from
the First Presidency of the
Church, he spent all his efforts
to have the monument ready
for dedication on the centennial
of the Prophet's birth, Decem-
ber 23, 1905.

The place of birth was veri-
fied, the deed was checked, and
the property was purchased by

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68

Improvement Era

May 23, 1905. Plans were per-
fected, and the contract for
building the monument — the
largest polished shaft known in
America — was signed July 24.
The same day instructions were
given to the Marr and Gordon
quarry at Barre, Vermont.
There the dark granite was in
boulder form, and it was often
difficult to obtain a stone in
large dimensions.

Elder Wells went to the
quarry so often he sometimes
felt he was in the workmen's
way, but he desired just the
right stones. One granite piece
yielded both the capstone and
the die stone, a supporting stone
near the monument's base. It
was thought for a time that the
stones for the bases had also
been found; the 9 -foot base
was there, but the stone for the
12 -foot base had an imperfect

corner, and the search was on
again.

To find a shaft that was
38/2 feet, representing the
years of the I'rophet's lifetime,
was the challenge. Then the
quarry was sold to new owners
who also had an adjoining
quarry, and two days later the
shaft stone, measuring 46 feet,
was found in the new, adjoining
area. A temporary railroad
track was built, and it took two
days to load the 60-ton rough
stone for the six-mile trip from
the quarry into Barre, where
steam-powered cranes, pulling
on 1/2 -inch chains, placed the
stone where it was desired. It
was cut in 16 minutes and then
polished there at Barre. Then
began the real problem — get-
ting the huge stones from Barre
to the birthplace.

At last all was in readiness.

The special train arrived on a
Saturday and was switched to a
track built especially to bring
the stones up to the highway.
Difficulty ensued in unloading
the first load, and precious time
was lost. The road was then
planked. The journey started
late in the Vermont afternoon,
but when a slight rise in the
road was encountered, the 20
magnificent horses brought in
for the job stopped. Another
team was added, but even 22
horses could not move the load
even a quarter of an inch.

Elder Wells, much discour-
aged, thought at first he would
wire the First Presidency, load
the stones back on the train,
and take everything to Salt Lake
City for erection on Temple
Square. The written telegram
was still in his pocket Monday
morning as he had his crews try

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January 1968

69

again — this time with block and
tackle. He measured Monday's
forward movement at 1,960
feet.

The tackle permitted a pull
of 80 feet between blocks, but
Elder Wells related that he saw
the horses and men stop 13
times in the 80 feet, because of

curves in the road and the
necessity of laying two 3 -inch
hardwood planks under each
wheel. The road was planked
for almost six miles — with the
last two miles up an 800-foot
incline from the river. The first
load took 13 days.

The wagon carrying the in-

*

Richard L. Evans

The Spoken Word

Dignity ... in every act of life

Remember this," said Marcus Aurelius, "that there is a proper dignity
and proportion to be observed in the performance of every act of
life."^ Dignity is indicative of a quality of character, of worthiness,
of honor, of "excellence, . . . reserve of manner, grace, and bearing."-
It carries with it no connotation of pompousness or conceit or of any
false front, but of genuineness and worth. Being made in the image
of God, every person is not only entitled to dignity, but is honor bound
never to demean himself or impair his self-respect. The highest example
of dignity that men were ever aware of was Jesus of Nazareth, the
Master of mankind, who never lost his composure under any accusation
or abuse, or even death. There can be dignity in any honest or useful
occupation on earth. "There is," said Booker T. Washington, "as much
dignity in tiUing a field as in writing a poem."'' There is dignity in
honesty, dignity in gratitude, dignity in keeping clean. There is dignity
in reverence, dignity in keeping the commandments. With sincere
dignity comes respect, and respect can preserve a marriage, even when
some other things in life are lacking. "Morality . . . alone possesses
dignity,"' said Immanuel Kant— not stuffiness, not airs or delusions, not
superficial pride, not exhibitionism, or immodesty or far-out-fashions or
fads, but just simple, plain honesty, human dignity in which a man is
respected as a man— in any honorable occupation, in any sincere service
—the dignity of character, respect, and honest effort. No honest man
need shrink from the human race or apologize for his existence. All are
made in the image of God, and may become more like him. We sum-
marize with these lines from Wordsworth:

"True dignity abides with him alone
Who, in the silent hour of inward thought,
Can still suspect, and still revere himself,
In lowliness of heart." '

'Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, iv:32.

-From a dictionary definition.

"Booker T. Washington, Up From Slacerij.

^Immanuel Kant, Fundamental Principles of Morals, first section.

'William Wordsworth, Lines Left Upon a Seat in a Yeio Tree.

*"The Spoken Word" from Temple Square, presented over KSL and the Columbia
Broadcasting System November 5, 1967. Copyright 1967.

scription die, a cube six feet
square and weighing 20 tons,
missed the planks at a soft point
near the edge of a sheer, cliff-
like drop of 20 feet to the river
below, but the trees steadying
the blocks and tackle held, and
the journey continued. Later,
Elder Wells reported that not
all of the trees had held during
the wagon trips — the way was
marked with uprooted trees.

Another time the workmen
had a load that measured 12 feet
2 inches and were chagrined to
discover that the covered bridge
that had caused no previous dif-
ficulty measured only 1 1 feet 4
inches.

By the time they were ready
to haul the shaft, a low-rigged
wagon was available. At one
point, the wagon got off the
road and a wheel went down,
tilting the load. Had it been a
high wagon, it would have gone
over, defacing the inscription.
This load was 20 days on the
road.

Personable Brother Wells
made friends with everyone
along the route, from the
youngest child to the oldest
resident. Many of the able-
bodied, their farmwork done,
were hired as part of his crews.

For some reason the Vermont
fall had lengthened, and winter
was delayed in coming; that
indeed was a help to the work
that Elder Wells had to do. But
it also presented some obstacles.
It was deemed advisable to take
a load across a meadow that had
a swamphole. Stones were
dumped there, but they sank
out of sight. A corduroy road
built of logs placed side by side
was attempted, but this too
proved unsuccessful. With vic-
tory almost in sight, failure
seemed to have taken the upper
hand.

That night some neighbors
gathered and asked: "What are

70

Improvement Era

you going to do about it now,
Mr. Wells?" He never forced
his religious views on them, but
this time he quietly replied:
"Gentlemen, do you believe in
answers to prayers?" Some
allowed that maybe they did,
others snickered, and some
looked ashamed. He wished
them all a pleasant good-night
and added, "I am going to pray
about it."

Before morning the season-
able cold had returned to Ver-
mont, and when Elder Wells
arrived at the swamphole, he
found that it had frozen solid.
Horses neighed, whips cracked,
and the wagon with its 10-ton
stone rolled on to its destina-
tion.

Mr. Howland, who had
placed the pillars in front of St.
John's Cathedral in New York,
came to place the shaft, and a
great crowd gathered. The sim-
phcity of the strong scaffolding
was a disappointment to many,
for almost before they knew it,
the shaft was , dropped into
place without a bump, scratch,
or chip. The capstone was sent
aloft on pulleys, and Mr. How-
land cemented that into place;
then he gave a pre-arranged
signal.

As the crowd started cheer-
ing. Brother Wells shouted,
"Stop! Stop!" Silence ensued.
He then stepped to the foot of
the monument and offered a
prayer of thanksgiving for the
project's completion.

"All right," he said to the
crowd. "Now I am with you.
Let her go!"

Then the assemblage did yell
and shout: "Wells! Wells! Hur-
rah for Junius Wells!"

The monument was dedi-
cated on time, on December 23,
1905, by the President of the
Church, Joseph F. Smith, a
nephew of the martyred
Prophet Joseph. O

January 1968

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71

The IDS Scene

Solo Violinist on
World Tour

Clyn Barms, a Sugar City,
Idaho, native, who now lives
in Vienna, Austria, is on a
world tour with the Vienna
Symphoniker orchestra as
solo violinist. He has been
described by leading critics
as one of the outstanding
violinists in Europe. A
recent review said, "Vienna
should consider itself lucky
to be allowed to find in
its midst such an outstand-
ing violinist. Whenever a man
is needed, . . . the always
friendly, ideally disciplined
young Mormon is always
ready to offer his services."

U.S. Presidential
Candidate

George Romney, governor
of Michigan and former
Detroit Stake president, has
entered the campaign for
the Republican presidential
nomination for the 1968
United States elections.
Brother Romney
is campaigning
with a vow to work for a
just peace in Vietnam and
a pledge to "restore truth
to government and regain
the confidence of the
people." The first major
tests of his campaign will be
in the New Hampshire and
Wisconsin primaries.

Family Relations Specialist

Dr. Blaine R. Porter, dean
of the College of Family
Living at Brigham Young
University, has been named
chairman of the special
committee on family life
education and of the special
emphasis committee of the
National Council on Family
Relations for 1968. Brother
Porter is a Sunday School
general board member.

Italian Basketball

Members of the Italian Mission basketball team play a
northern Italian team as part of a new program designed
to win much-needed publicity in the Italian Mission. Called
/ Mormoni S.U.G. ("The Mormons LDS"), the missionaries
present to each opposing team a Book of Mormon
and a brief explanation of the Church. Other elders pass
out tracts and invite spectators to Church services.
Since basketball is relatively unknown in Italy, the
missionary team has done rather well, even against
top-ranking teams.

Capitol Record Library Donated

Nine tons of sheet music — the whole Capitol Record
Company library — has been given to Brigham Young Univer-
sity and is surveyed by Dr. Harold Goodman, chairman
of the music department. The gift, including
sacred, secular, classical, popular, semi-popular, Broadway,
and dance band music and motion picture scores,
arrived at the university in 180 boxes, each weighing
100 pounds, and will take several months to sort
and catalogue. Students who are studying scores or who
have conducting, orchestration, and music analysis
classes will have access to the music.

72

Improvement Era

Guatemala City Stake

The Guatemala City Stake Choir helped create a peaceful and inspiring atmosphere
in the two sessions of the recent first quarterly conference of the Guatemala City
Stake. More than 1,000 members and friends attended the conference, which was held
20 years after the arrival of missionaries in August 1947.

Mormon Poster Boy

Timothy Pass, four-year-old son of Brother and Sister
Michael Pass of the Whittier (California) Pifth Ward,
has been named 1968 National March of Dimes poster
child. Timothy and his mother are shown greeting the
Los Angeles poster child. Young Timothy, paralyzed
in his legs from birth, is cheerful and active despite the
use of leg braces, wooden crutches, and a body
corset with a back brace.

Woman of the Year

Sister Ettie Lee of the
Wilshire (California) Ward
has received the Out-
standing Woman of the Year
award from the students of
Brigham Young University.
Sister Lee is a philanthropist
who has spent a fortune
building 14 homes and
ranches for "incorrigible
boys." She began her
rehabilitation program about
50 years ago when a boy
she was teaching was
expelled from school. Her

Composer Wins Award

Norberto Guinaldo, Argen-
tine-born concert organist-
composer and organist of
the Santa Pe Springs
(California) Second Ward,
has for the second consecu-
tive year won first prize
in major competition
sponsored by the Organ
Historical Society at its 12th
annual convention in New
York. His winning composi-
tion, "Suite for an Old
Tracker Organ," is in four
movements. In 1966 he
won with "Passacaglia."
In 1964 he won first
prize in the J. Fischer
& Brothers centennial
competition. Born in Buenos
Aires of Latter-day Saint
parents, Elder Guinaldo
studied under Argentina's
leading organists and was
organist at the Basilica del
Santisimo Sacramento,
which houses Argentina's
greatest organ. An immi-
grant to California, he has
just written "Pive Spanish
Carols."

life was the subject of a
BYU film, "The Little Red
Hen." In 1966 the retired
schoolteacher was named
U.S. (National Teacher
of the Year.

January 1968

73

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74

Hezekiah's Tunnel

In reading the article on Hezekiah's
Tunnel [August 1967], I recalled a
story I read in Richard Halliburton's
Second Book of Marvels: The Orient,
Dublished by the Bobbs-Merrill Com-
pany.

Mr. Halliburton relates several
fascinating incidents relative to tun-
nels reputed to be under the rock of
Abraham, and supposedly connected
to the Jebusite water shaft. First, he
tells of several English adventurers
who, when Jerusalem was still a part
of Turkey, tried to dig a shaft under
the rock at night after bribing a
guard. He states there must be tun-
nels or caverns under the rock because
when one strikes it, sounds echo from
below. Also, there is a legend that
the lost Ark of the Covenant and other
treasures were hidden there at the
time of the Babylonian destruction.
The hollow sound of the rock is ac-
counted for in Brother Green's article
by the existence of the cisterns for
water storage. The author relates
that the English adventurers dug for
eight nights before being discovered
by a priest and forced to flee for their
lives.

Mr. Halliburton then tells of some
German archeologists who, in 1907,
crawled into the Gihon Spring and
tried to go up the Jebusite bucket-
shaft, which Joab had ascended, but
were quickly discovered and sent
away. He then says he heard a legend
that says there is a secret tunnel that
joins the shaft with Solomon's trea-
sure caverns beneath the rock. This
gave Solomon an escape route out of
the city also. The author then re-
lates his exciting experience of en-
tering the spring with a ladder and
finding a tunnel approximately 30
feet above the water leading back
from a rock shelf. He built the ladder
after entering the cave behind the
spring. He then proceeded along the
tunnel for 400 feet where the tunnel
turns up a steep staircase that is
blockaded with sand. He shoveled out
the sand for 16 hours but it just kept
filling in from above, and he couldn't
make any progress at all. He ended
the story here, vowing to return one
day with money and men to do the
job. He never did, as he was lost at
sea in 1939.

The fact of Israel's possession of
Jerusalem opens the possibility of
completing his excavation.

Wallace F. Downer, Jr.
Napa, California

Improvement Era

The article on Hezekiah's tunnel re-
minded me of a prophecy of Joseph
Smith recorded in the Documentary
History of the Churcli, Vol. 5, p. 387:
"Judah must return, Jerusalem must
be rebuilt, and the temple, and water
come out from under the temple, and
the waters of the Dead Sea be healed.
It will take some time to rebuild the
walls of the city and the temple, etc.;
and all this must be done before the
Son of Man will make His appear-
ance." The statement "and water
come out from under the temple"
puzzled me until I read in the article
that a cistern was situated under the
temple site.

Mrs. Robert C. Sloan, Jr.

Salt Lake City, Utah

These Times: Communism

Concerning Dr. G. Homer Durham's
"Morals and Politics in International
Life" [Nov. 1967], I comment: Peo-
ple generally hope to insure their
methods of living through majority
condemnation of unwanted sanctions.
In our day and age, this is Com-
munism, and much of public sentiment
is aroused verbally against its means
to an unholy end.

We must understand that it is not
just Communism threatening our
foundation of liberty. This system of
the sickle will eventually crumble and
fall, if for no other reason than the in-
ability of man to live or react and
submit himself completely to that
which Communism demands of him.
Certainly it will not prevail. But the
thought behind Communism will. As
long as men in their human nature
are permitted to govern themselves,
such systems will be present and as-
sert their power.

Thus, in the highest sense, we must
attack the idea, the foundation of such
corruption, the basis for Communism's
being conceived. Through wars, we
may hinder it, but to dispose of it, we
must rise above ourselves in thought,
in deed, and in being.

Markus B. Zimmer
Flensburg, Germany

Philippine Mission Association

Please note that a Philippine Mission
Association has been created. Its
chief purpose is to promote the gospel
in the Philippines. Interested persons
may write to:

Philippine Mission Association
Box 130, University Station
Provo, Utah 84601

January 1968

Thanks From Vietnam

Today I received The Improvement
Era. I don't know who sent it, but
I sure would like to know so I could
write them a letter of thanks. I
haven't been too active in the Church
in the last three years, but since I
came to Vietnam, I have been reading
the Book of Mormon and the servicer
man's book. Principles of the Gospel.
Thank you!

Sp. 4 Rockland Lee Morton
U. S. Army, Vietnam

Aesthetically Speaking

I have majored in college for a time
in about every art-related subject
from advertising to architecture, and
claim at least a little feeling or
knowledge or competence that way.
In writing I just want to commend
Brother Marion D. Hanks and Sister
Elaine Cannon on the "Era of Youth"
articles. What a monthly master-
piece! Very appealing, fast moving,
enlightening, "in," which is sometimes
difficult to achieve with religion. But
I really want you to know that I think
it's just great, and the art work, lay-
out, and design are simply pleasing
and intriguing — according to my in-
structors: aesthetically correct! I am
really impressed, as I am with the
whole Era.

Sp. 4 Doug Brewer

Vietnam

As an art instructor, I am greatly im-
pressed with the quality of imagina-
tive art within the Era. In years past
you always included a reference on the
table of contents page listing the par-
ticular artists responsible for the
various illustrations. With the latest
redesign of the Era, this listing has
been omitted. Where are the artists'
credit lines now?

Mrs. Richard Daems
Springville, Utah

The artist's name is either in small
type near his illustration, or the art-
ist has personally inscribed his sig-
nature somewhere in the illustration.

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We are enjoying our Era from cover
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75

The Church
Moves On

October 1967

New stake presidencies: Presi-
dent Carl S. Hawkins and
counselors Irvin M. Brooks and Neil
R. Williams, Detroit (Michigan)
Stake; President Merlyn W. V. Lofgren

and counselors Gerald F. Burnham and
Dale H. Andersen, Missoula (Mon-
tana) Stake.

President Hugh B. Brown of the
First Presidency dedicated the
new Salt Lake Temple Annex.

Elder Leon John, 20, Portage,
Utah, serving in the East Cen-
tral States Mission, was killed in an
automobile accident that also injured
two other missionaries in Indiana.

*

Richard L. Evans

The Spoken Word

As life gets broken in upon

Life gets continually broken in upon, . . ." said Charles Henry Park-
hurst. "Nothing ought so little to surprise us as a surprise."^ One
of the realities is that life isn't always even, that unbroken tran-
quility cannot be counted on. All of us have some days that are better
than others— some hopeful, some promising, some discouraging. "We
have all known men," said Phillips Brooks, "for whom it seemed as if
it would be good to lift away some of the burden of life, to make the
world seem easier and less serious . . . but as we look abroad generally
do we not feel sure that such people are the exceptions?"- All of us
face disappointment, heartache, difficulties. There are many wise and
comforting counsels and expressions of faith for such times, but the full
meaning and comfort of these don't always fully come through when we
are down and depressed. And sometimes the best we can do is hold on,
which, always, we must do. "Mankind is served," said Dr. Fosdick, "by
those who simply do not crack up when all expect them to."'^ It isn't
expected that we won't become discouraged. It isn't expected that we
won't have problems. Part of life's purpose is for solving problems, for
overcoming, for conquering— but not for giving up, ever. There is a
kind of magnificent heroism in the strength and example of manly men,
ard of faithful women, mothers, fathers, and others also— heroic in doing
their, day-to-day duties— working, meeting problems, making a home,
living often above ill health and sometimes heartache, quietly standing
up to the doing and enduring of each day. Just as surely as we find
ourselves down and discouraged, we have reason to hold to hope, and,
more than that, reason for doing what can be done. To those discour-
aged, to those in sorrow, to those who need help: Hold to the hope, to
the faith that there will be a lifting of darkness and despair, that the
light will come on again in our lives.

'Charles Henry Parkhurst, "Sermon on Garfield," September 25, 1881.

-Phillips Brooks, The Light of the World and Other Sermons: The Seriousness of Life

■'Harry Emerson Fosdick, On Being a Real Person: Mastering Depression.

*"The Spoken Word" from Temple Square, presented over KSL and the Columbia
Broadcasting System October 22, 1967. Copyright 1967.

[•■ New stake presidencies: Presi-
dent Edward M. Denny and
counselors Russell H. Sheffield and
John B. Smart, Bountiful (Utah)
Stake; President Koln Gunn McKay
and counselors Keith G. Jensen and
James H. Bischoff, Ogden (Utah)
Stake; President Frank E. Finlayson
and counselors A. Richard Allred and
Robert Lee McCook III, Pomona
(California) Stake; President Wilford
J. Shumway and counselors Ruel E.
Jarvis and Carl L. Haws, St. Johns
(Arizona) Stake.

November 1967

The appointment of John Q.

Cannon as coordinator of Church
Information Service was announced by
Elder Mark E. Petersen of the Council
of the Twelve, who serves as chair-
man.

The appointment of Joy Sansom
to the Young Women's Mutual

Improvement Association general board

was announced.

New stake presidency: President
Elmo R. Smith and counselors

Lorenzo N. Hoopes and Richard W.

Owen, Oakland-Berkeley (California)

Stake.

The appointment of Mrs. Evon
W. Peterson as general secretary-
treasurer of the Relief Society, succeed-
ing Mrs. Hulda P. Young, was
announced.

Montevideo Stake, the first in
Uruguay, third to be organized
in South America, and 444th now
functioning in the Church, was orga-
nized by Elder Spencer W. Kimball
of the Council of the Twelve and
Elder Franklin D. Richards, Assistant
to the Twelve. President of the stake
is Vincente C. Rubio. Counselors are
Ariel Alcides Fedrigotti and Washing-
ton Gonzalez.

New stake presidency: President E.
Wilford Edman and counselors Ray-
mond C. Bowers and LaMarr W.
Poulton in Valley View (Salt Lake
area) Stake.

The appointment of Mrs. Ardeth
Greene Kapp to the Youth
Coordination Planning Committee of
the correlation program was an-
nounced.

76

Improvement Era

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78

e Presiding Bishop
"alks to Youtii About

EDUCATION

By Bishop John H. Vandenberg

• "All who have meditated on the art
of governing mankind have been con-
vinced that the fate of empires depends
on the education of youth." These are
the words of the ancient Greek philos-
opher, Aristotle, as he took note of the
vital position occupied by education
in his time.

We need only to pause briefly and
look to the great men who have influ-
enced history to conclude, as did
Aristotle, that education is the key to
achievement. Whether we look at the
Savior in his youth with the elders in
the temple, or Moses in the royal
courts where he "learned the wisdom
of the Egyptians," or Paul, who sought
learning at the "feet of Gamaliel," we

see the importance of education being
underlined.

There is one product of education
that has assumed greater importance
today than ever before in history.
We're speaking, of course, of the need
for education in order to provide for
the economic well-being of your future
family.

in referring to this facet of educa-
tion, President McKay has said: "Stu-
dents enter school primarily to gain
economic or social advantage. But
this aim is not always achieved, nor is
it, nor should it be, the highest purpose
of education. However, we must not
underestimate the value of obtaining
an education for a livelihood. Educa-

Improvement Era

tion for economic advancement is a
good investment for the individual as
well as for the state." (Gospel Ideals,
p. 429.)

Education, in this age of technology,
has become a prerequisite for the
greatest percentage of employment
opportunities. Jobs that previously
required only a strong back have now
been replaced by machinery. It was
reported in the newspaper recently that
in the years since 1954, the jobs filled
by high school graduates increased 30
percent, while jobs that were suitable
for the untrained decreased by 25
percent.

And while these statistics are sig-
nificant, there is yet another facet of
this situation. Many high school
graduates have come to face the harsh
reality that in order to obtain a job
with which they would be satisfied,
they will need additional vocational or
professional training. In consequence
of this situation, the First Presidency
issued this counsel: "The Church has
long encouraged its members, and
especially its youth, either to obtain
a college education or to become well
trained in some vocation in a trade
school. The jobs that require no
education or training are decreasing
from year to year and soon will be
practically non-existent. We there-
fore strongly suggest that ... all young
people . . . engage in. formal study of
some kind beyond high school."

Young people, it is well that you take
note of this situation and incorporate
post-high school training into your
plans. The dividends will be far more
than just economic, for without further
training you will be relegated to mun-
dane, routine tasks at best, and periods
of unemployment as the rule. Sylvia
Porter, writer of a nationally syndicated
column on business finance, in refer-
ring to the need for young people to be
trained, said that in consequence of not
being trained, ". . . you will so handi-
cap yourself that through all the years
ahead, you will be either in the low-
paying industries or submarginal fac-
tories or in the dullest of occupations.

and periodically you'll be in the ranks
of the unemployed. This is not preach-
ing. . . . This is certainty."

In this light, education truly becomes
an investment in you. In fact, the
dollars-and-cents dividends of this in-
vestment are very revealing. The
estimated lifetime earnings for males
from age 18 to death are as follows:

Less than eight years of

schooling $129,764

Eight years of schooling $181,695

Four years of high school $257,557

One to three years of college.. $315, 504
Four years or more of college.. $435, 242

Note that in his lifetime, the average
college graduate will earn $177,685, or
70 percent, more than the average
high school graduate. And even more
staggering, the average college student
will earn $305,478, or nearly 250 per-
cent, more than those students with
less than eight years of schooling.

Why seek additional vocational and
professional education? The answer is,
at least economically, obvious. But as
President McKay said, this shouldn't
be "the highest purpose of education."

What, then, are some of the greater
purposes of education? To quote Presi-
dent McKay again, he said: "Character
is the aim of true education; and sci-
ence, history, and literature are but
means used to accomplish this desired
end." The Lord mentioned a similar
aim of education in a revelation to the
Prophet Joseph when he stated: "And
I give unto you a commandment that
you shall teach one another the doc-
trine of the kingdom.

"Teach ye diligently and my grace
shall attend you, that you may be in-
structed more perfectly in theory, in
principle, in doctrine, in the law of the
gospel, in all things that pertain unto
the kingdom of God, that are expedient
for you to understand;

"Of things both in heaven and in the
earth, and under the earth; things
which have been, things which are,
things which must come shortly to
pass; things which are at home, things
which are abroad; the wars and the

perplexities of the nations, and the
judgments which are on the land; and a
knowledge also of countries and of
kingdoms —

"That ye may be prepared in all
things when I shall send you again to
magnify the calling whereunto I have
called you, and the mission with which
I have commissioned you." (D&C
88:77-80.)

So with the words of the Lord, the
study of history, math, English, and
so forth, takes on additional meaning
for Latter-day Saint youth. The Lord
expects you to be well educated so that
you will magnify your missions and call-
ings in the building up of his kingdom.

But you will not be able to realize
the intent of the Lord by merely gain-
ing knowledge; there is an additional
dimension that must be considered.
President McKay stresses this addi-
tional dimension in these words: "But
gaining knowledge is one thing, and
applying it is quite another. Wisdom
is the right application of knowledge
... to the development of a noble
and godlike character. A man may
possess a profound knowledge of his-
tory and of mathematics; he may be
[an] authority in psychology, biology,
or astronomy; he may know all [about
whatever has been discovered] pertain-
ing to general and natural science; but
if he has not with this knowledge that
nobility of soul which prompts him to
deal justly with his fellow men, to
practice virtue and holiness in personal
life, he is not a truly educated man."
(Gospel Ideals, p. 440.)

Thus, education is that element
which, if handled properly, can, when
added to our lives, provide the sweet-
est of joy — the gaining of which, as
the Prophet Lehi stated, is the purpose
of man's experience in mortality.

Young men of the Aaronic Priesthood
and young women, pursue your educa-
tion— ". . . get wisdom." It makes
sense economically, and true education
is a spiritual necessity. And to para-
phrase Aristotle, the fate of the king-
dom of God depends on "true"
education of the youth of the Church.O

January 1968

79

January is usually a "let down
month." The fun of the holidays
is over, and a person is left
dragging.

To do and say the same things
over and over again is tiresome and
completely boring.

Life and lilt come from eyes wide
open and from living on tiptoe.

January can be a top-of-the-
mountain time— high thoughts, high
words, and high doings.

It's all in what we make it-
heads up, thoughts spinning, and
new ideas producing contentment
and joy.

Open the lid and let winter out.
It isn't possible to actually act
as the weatherman and predict
changes in the temperature out-of-
doors, but we can be our own
climate maker within the four
walls of our homes. First, turn up
the furnace to a comfortable
temperature; next, turn up the
corners of your mouth and let cheer
fill every room; then go into the
kitchen and stir up a summer day.
None of this is hard to do. That is,
it isn't hard if you really want a
sunny June day in January.

No one has made a law that in
January we must always serve
heavy meals filled with gravies,
puddings, and large servings of
meats and mashed potatoes. How
dreary this can become. Put on
your thinking cap and step lightly
into a new way of cooking. Think
up unexpected foods for a winter
night. Then watch the joy in the
eyes of your family as they come
home from play or school or work.
New, tantalizing aromas will greet
them, and the dinner table will

have a festive air. The result will
be a weather forecast of June in
January, and inside the home,
"clear and warmer."

JANUARY ADOPTS JUNE

Lamb chops always accompany
thoughts of spring and food. Try
this first menu with lamb as its
piece de resistance. Then serve
cheese-brown potatoes hot from the
skillet along with peas fixed this
special June way. Early spring
appears with avocado and grape-
fruit salad. It is refreshing to use
slices of avocado tucked between
grapefruit sections and topped with
a sprinkling of pomegranate seeds.
The final touch is a clear French
dressing. For dessert serve a fruit
parfait.

Menu #1

*Lamb Chops Aloha

* Cheese Browned Potatoes

*June Peas

Grapefruit and Avocado Salad

* Fruit Parfait

Lamb Chops Aloha

Arrange four or six lamb chops in a
single layer in a shallow baking dish.
Combine one can cream of mushroom
soup, one cup pineapple tidbits,
drained, and V^ teaspoon dried mint
flakes. Spoon over chops. Cover.
Bake at 350° F. for about 30 minutes.
Uncover; continue baking 15 minutes
or until chops are tender.

Cheese Browned Potatoes

(6 servings)

In a skillet, heat three tablespoons
butter; add four or five cups diced
cooked potatoes. Cook until golden
brown; stir often. Season with salt and
pepper; sprinkle with 11/2 tablespoons
chopped parsley and three tablespoons
grated Parmesan cheese.

Today's Family

By Florence B. Pinnock

Mm in
January

.k\'

80

June Peas

(Serves 6)

Cook two slices of bacon until crisp;
remove from skillet and crumble. Pour
off all but one tablespoon fat. Add one
small minced onion; cook until tender
but not brown. Add two packages
frozen peas, two cups shredded lettuce,
1/2 cup water, and a dash of salt.
Cover; simmer about five minutes.
Drain; serve topped with crumbled
bacon.

Fruit Parfait

(Serves 6)

1 can (11 ounces) drained mandarin

oranges
1 can (1 pound 11 ounces) drained

fruit cocl^tail
1 cup sour cream
1 cup miniature marshmallows

Combine the ingredients and chill in
parfait glasses until ready to serve.
Top with shredded coconut.

Richard L. Evans

The Spoken Word

To realize results

Everyone, of course, wants happiness, respect, self-approval, but some-
times results are expected or hoped for without living in a way by
which results are brought about. Happiness at home comes with
consideration and kindness, with deserving the love of loved ones.
Happiness and peace come with a quiet conscience, and a quiet con-
science comes when it deserves to be quiet. If a person has done what
he knows he shouldn't do, or hasn't done what he knows he should do,
how can he reasonably hope to be happy? How can he be happy if he
has to excuse and argue with himself inside? There are laws, command-
ments, causes, consequences. There are ways in which things must be
done to reahze results, and if we want the product, we must go through
the process. There are moral and spiritual laws as much in force and
effect as physical laws— laws that are irrevocable, and upon which all
promises are predicated. Every contract is a two-way commitment.
Business cannot successfully proceed without fairness and performance
on both sides. Marriage is a contract of two parties, though it affects
many more. And if we want compatible relationships, we must deserve
them. If we want health, we must observe the laws of health. If we
want happiness, we must abide the conditions of happiness. As Emerson
said in his essay on compensation: "The world looks like a multiplica-
tion-table or a mathematical equation, which, turn it how you will,
balances itself. . . . You cannot do wrong without suffering wrong. . . .
Men suffer all their life long, under the foolish superstition that they
can be cheated. But it is . . . impossible for a man to be cheated by
anyone but himself."' If we want to realize our highest possibilities,
we must have self-control, self-discipline, and be willing to shape our-
selves as responsible, dependable people. If we want a quiet conscience,
we must keep the commandments. There are prerequisites in all things,
and happiness and personal peace come through living the laws of life.
We must meet the conditions if we are to realize the results.

'Ralph Waldo Emerson, Compensation.

*"The Spoken Word" from Temple Square, presented over KSL and the Columbia
Broadcasting System October 29, 1967. Copyright 1967.

The second menu takes your mind
back to last summer when the man of
the house came home with a good
catch of fish. But in the place of
trout, use halibut steaks from the
market. Be sure to serve them with
the tangy shrimp sauce. A menu fea-
turing vegetables, tossed green salad,
and a luscious chiffon pie with a cheese
pastry crust just seems to say, "This
can't be January."

Menu #2

^'Halibut withi Tangy Slirimp Sauce

Vegetables Supreme

(carrots, zucchini, and corn)

Green Salad

'Cheese Pastry with Chiffon Filling

Tangy Shrimp Sauce

1/4 cup chopped celery

1 small clove garlic, minced

2 tablespoons butter

1 can frozen condensed cream of
shrimp soup
V2 cup milk
IV^ tablespoons chopped dill pickle

Ys teaspoon dry mustard
Dash of pepper

Cook the celery and garlic in butter
until the celery is tender. Add remain-
ing ingredients. Heat; stir often. Serve
over broiled halibut.

Cheese Pastry

11/2 cups sifted flour
V2 teaspoon salt

34 cup shredded Cheddar cheese
V^ cup (1 stick) butter

3 to 4 tablespoons water

Sift the flour and salt and add the
cheese. Cut in the butter with a
pastry blender or two knives until
mixture resembles small peas. Sprinkle
water over flour mixture, one table-
spoon at a time, mixing lightly with a
fork after each addition. Gather up
dough with fingers; shape into a ball.
Roll out, fit into pie tin, and prick for
a single crust. Bake at 450° F. until
lightly browned. This recipe will make
one double crust or two single crusts.

Use it as crust for apple or mince or
your favorite chiffon pie.

A third menu is really a June picnic.
Greet your family with piping hot mugs
of split pea soup. Follow this with a
cold meat platter and a hot potato
salad. A relish dish of raw vegetables
could serve as the salad, but please
take time to make the easy herb rolls
out of the refrigerated baking powder
biscuits. Dessert is simple — it is just
a matter of slicing pears into pretty
sherbet glasses and pouring chilled
orange juice over all. ^

82

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Menu #3

Piping Hot Split Pea Soup

■Hot Potato Salad Cold Meat Platter

Raw Vegetable Relishes

*Herb Rolls

Sliced Pears in Orange Juice

Hot Potato Salad

(Serves 6 to 8)

1 cup boiling water
Vz cup golden raisins

3 cups sliced cooked potatoes

1 cup sliced celery

2 tablespoons minced parsley

1 teaspoon salt
Dash of pepper

4 strips bacon

2 tablespoons cider vinegar

2 tablespoons tarragon vinegar
1 slice lemon

3 red apples

Pour boiling water over raisins; let
stand two or three minutes; drain; cool.

Richard L. Evans

The Spoken Word

'0 the kind words we give

The words of an old song suggest a subject: "Let us oft speak kind
words to each other, At home or wher-e'er we may be. . . ."'
Xegatively, it suggests another subject: the opposite of kindness, which
is cruelty. There is so much need of kindness, and yet so many kinds
of cruelty— the physical kind and the sometimes almost cruder, subtler
kind— the cruelty of sarcasm, the cruelty of indifference, the cruelty of
neglect, the cruelty of ignoring people, of making them feel small,
inadequate, foolish, or frustrated. There is the smaller boy who is
picked on; the gang or crowd cruelty; the cruelty of the piling-on
process; the cruelty of ridicule. The world is physically harsh at times-
fighting the elements, making a living-and survival is sometimes diffi-
cult. But it is not the harshness of nature we have so much in mind as
the cruelty of man to man. Everyone has need of kindness, of love, of
understanding, and of the uplift these give to life. The kindness and
love of parents from infancy on pays rich returns— not sentimentalism,
not pampering or spoiling, but sincere, consistent love and kindness. If
children feel they can come to open arms and open hearts, we shall
keep them closer. With kindness, we can keep all people closer. Con-
structive discipline is necessary, and sometimes patience seems exhausted,
but we should be quite sure that patience isn't too soon cut short. Indeed,
deliberate unkindness punishes the punisher as well as the punished. No
one can be cruel without leaving self-inflicted marks and without harden-
ing himself inside. \Vhatever we do to others redounds to us. "Kind
words," said Jeremy Bentham, "cost no more than unkind ones. . . .
and we may scatter the seeds of courtesy and kindliness around us at so
little expense. If you would fall into any extreme let it be on the side
of gentleness. The human mind is so constructed that it resists vigor
[force] and yields to softness [kindness]."- "O the kind words we give
shall in memory live and sunshine forever impart; Let us oft speak kind
words to each other; Kind words are sweet tones of the heart."'

'Joseph L. Townsend, "Let Us Oft Speak Kind Words."
-Jeremy Bentham, Deontology, p. 130.

'■"The Spoken Word" from Temple Square, presented over KSL and tine Columbia
Broadcasting System September 17, 1967. Copyright 1967.

Combine potatoes, celery, parsley, salt,
and pepper in saucepan. Cut bacon in
small pieces; fry until crisp; add vine-
gars and lemon to bacon and bacon
fat. Heat; pour over potato mixture.
Dice unpeeled apples. Add with raisins
to potato mixture; mix well; heat to
serving temperature. Serve hot.

Herb Rolls

Roll out refrigerated baking powder
biscuits into three-inch rounds. Spread
with soft butter. Sprinkle with finely
chopped parsley, chives, or dill. Roll
up, and place with seam side down on
a cookie sheet. Bake as directed on
package.

Lunch time too can present a new
face. Try serving those hungry chil-
dren French toasted sandwiches and
strawberry milk shakes. The straw-
berries come from a large spoonful of
strawberry preserves added to the milk
and vanilla ice cream.

French Toasted Sandwiches

Prepare six sandwiches of deviled ham
and Swiss cheese, Dip sandwiches
into a mixture of three beaten eggs,
one cup milk, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and
1/2 teaspoon dry mustard. Brown on
both sides in butter or margarine in
skillet. Cut each sandwich in half;
serve hot.

A surprise lunch could be creamed
chipped beef or tuna served over hot
waffles or in cream puff shells. An
ice cream sandwich would be just right
to start the children back to school.

For another lunch, anyone greeted
with a bowl of cream of chicken soup
(canned variety) and hot A and B muf-
fins plus whipped fruit gelatin would
go back to school nourished and happy.

A and B Muffins

(12 large muffins)

6 slices bacon

2 cups sifted flour

Vi teaspoon baking soda

2 teaspoons baking powder

1 teaspoon sugar

34 teaspoon salt

Yz teaspoon cinnamon

1 egg, beaten

V3 cup milk

3^ cup applesauce

Cook bacon until lightly browned and
crisp. Drain and reserve drippings.
Break bacon into pieces. Sift together
flour, soda, baking powder, sugar, salt,
and cinnamon. Mix together egg, milk,
applesauce, 1/3 cup bacon drippings,
and pieces of bacon. Add liquid to dry
ingredients and stir only until dry in-
gredients are moistened. Fill greased
2V2-inch muffin pan % full. Bake in a
hot oven 400° F. 18 to 20 minutes. O

84

Improvement Era

These Times

*|B»

General Bradley,
the War
in Vietnam,

anri 1Q^R ^^ ^''' ^' ^^^^^ Durham
Cll IVj I v^OO President, Arizona State University!

• "After tramping throughout the
length and width of South Viet Nam,
going wherever I wanted to go and
talking to whomever I wanted to talk,
I am convinced that this is a war at
the right place, at the right time
and with the right enemy — the
Communists."

Thus wrote General Omar N.
Bradley in Look, November 14, 1967.
He was reporting 14 days with the
troops. From the combined military
and political viewpoint, and as a stated
opinion of what U.S. national interests
are at stake. General Bradley's blunt
statement is one of the clearest thus
far offered. The oft-repeated statement
about the U.S. "commitment" for the
security of the South Vietnamese is
more complicated. It communicates
less meaning for the average citizen be-
cause, among other things, the U.S.

was not a signatory of the much-
refcrrcd-to Geneva Agreement of 1954.

But General Bradley's words, "this
is a war at the right place, at the right
time and with the right enemy,"
crystallize a firm point of view.

People are certainly aware that there
is a war, especially since the "escala-
tion" of 1965. Many have come to
view it as the wrong war, at the
wrong, place, even if the enemy is the
right enemy. General MacArthur's
warning is still remembered: don't get
involved in a land war in Asia. Many
remember reading about Napoleon's
Russian campaign of 1812, how the
sheer, vast landmass and the force of
tlic elements combined to destroy the
mightiest power in Europe. Defeated
was Napoleon's Grand Army, and dis-
solved, his empire. The prospects of
American land involvement in Asia

January 1968

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are even more humbling.

General Bradley's experience and his
past national service entitle his views
to more than passing notice. Why
would he assert, in the light of his
knowledge of military history, that the
American involvement was a war at
the "right place, at the right time"?

To forthrightly term the conflict as
"war" may itself serve the cause of
clarifying the issues. The old soldier

must have carefully chosen his words,
and "war" is not an acceptable word
in the current processes of civilized
nations. To go further and state that
a war can be "right," with the "right"
enemy at the "right" time and place,
appeared to be reprehensible to many.
So General Bradley's case and his state-
ment have to bear all possible burdens
and criticisms at once. But let us look
at his case.

*

Richard L. Evans

The Spoken Word

Failure to Confide

One of the more urgent needs of our time, or of any other, is under-
standing; and one of the ways of understanding is communication.
Understanding and communication are essential in all relationships of
life: in marriage, in families, between business partners, among neigh-
bors, among nations, and understanding even in our own homes-
understanding of those who are nearest to us. And of utmost importance
is understanding between parents and children. Too many in this most
vital relationship of life keep things too close to themselves. One of
the surest safeguards for young people is to confide in those to whom
they are responsible; to share problems and experiences, plans and
purposes; to account for their goings and comings, for where they are,
for the company they keep. This isn't intrusion upon privacy, but a
safeguard in a relationship and responsibility that God has given. There
is wisdom in counsel; there is safety in counsel. There is error, there
is heartache without it. Why should we shut out of our confidence
those who have done the most for us, those who should mean the most
to us, those who have given us life and nurtured and cared for us and
given us their love? Why should we sometimes seem to trust more some
recent or quick acquaintance or someone who has no responsibility for
us, or no long-proved interest in us? Why should we brashly and
stubbornly decide to go it alone in life? Part of the heritage we have
is the experience of the past, which includes the experience of parents.
Wise and responsible people take counsel with each other in many
matters. And children make many mistakes that could have been
prevented when they fail to confide, when they fail to seek the counsel
of those who love them and upon whom they have closest claims.
Failure to confide in those who have the greatest interest in us is a
most unfortunate failure. In counsel with parents, with families, with
proved and seasoned friends— with those we can ti*ust— there is safety
and satisfaction and assurance.

*'The Spoken Word" from Temple Square, presented over KSL and the Columbia
Broadcasting System September 24, 1967. Copyright 1967.

Briefly, he put it this way: "As with
Berlin, Greece, Korea and Cuba, Viet
Nam is a proving ground. This is no
simple, civil war. ... It is, in essence,
a laboratory experiment, executed with
callous disregard for human life by
those in Hanoi and Peking who want
to see if the protracted war theories of
Mao Tse-tung will work. If these
theories hold in Viet Nam, they un-
questionably will be applied elsewhere,
and we shall have to confront them
again and again."

Mao is more than a Hunanese
scholar and poet. He is one of the
most experienced generals of guerilla
warfare in history. His doctrines of
military warfare, extended by Lin Piao,
and utilized by Ho Chi Minh, were
developed over 40 years ago. Their
successful application made Mao vir-
tual emperor of China nearly 20 years
ago. They have been interpreted by
Lin Piao, Mao's defense minister and
his one-time "dearest comrade," as a
means of capturing the world.

Guerilla warfare is viewed as a
means, in a single country, for the
overthrow and capture of the "cities"
and their wealth by the "country."
In the Chinese Communist theory,
underdeveloped China (and others)
are the "country." The guerillas oper-
ate in the "country." From the
"country" the guerillas will overthrow
and capture the "cities." The cities are
the U.S. and the industrially developed
rest of the world.

In 1927 Mao introduced his now
famous guerilla slogans: "Obey orders
at all times." "Do not take a needle or
even a piece of thread from the
people." "Turn in all confiscated
property to headquarters." A careful
reading of these simple rules will
quickly demonstrate Mao's road to past
success. In 1947 Mao's injunctions
were officially listed and published.
They were based on the foregoing three
rules and the following six injunctions:

1. Engage in propaganda wherever
we go — spread the revolutionary policy
far and wide.

2. Respect and protect public prop-

86

Improvement Era

erty; do not waste the wealth of the
revolution.

3. Adopt a courteous attitude when
talking with anybody; we should never
lose our temper or quarrel with anyone.

4. Pay a reasonable price for every-
thing bought, never lower than the
market price.

5. Return furniture borrowed from
the people once it is finished with;
do not let it be lost, but let the bor-
rower return it in person.

6. If a piece of furniture is damaged
in use, the owners should be paid
compensation.

These injunctions suggest some of
the power behind the slogans and
sayings of Mao. Countless new ones
have appeared to agitate the young Red
Guard in recent years. There is more
here than the wisdom of a guerilla
general leading a peasant army and
living off the country. Here is a
mobilized political doctrine. Mao's
poems are many and varied. Two are
germane to guerilla warfare. They
illustrate some of the problems of those
who confront the Viet Cong guerillas
in the jungles of Viet Nam:

"When the enemy advances, we retreat.
When he escapes, we harrass.
When he retreats, we pursue.
When he is tired, we attack."

"When he burns, we put out the fire.
When he loots, we attack.
When he pursues, we hide.
When he retreats, we return."

Although it is said the root ideas for
these sentiments derive from Sun Wu,
who lived some time around 500 b.c,
their significance for the current situa-
tion is apparent.

The remaining question concerning
General Bradley's thesis concerns the
nature of the enemy. If the Chinese
and Vietnamese Communists are con-
cerned not with world revolution, but
with historic Asiatic conditions, the
war may have been fought for less
strategic considerations than the Berlin
airlift, Korea, the Truman Doctrine in

Greece, and the Cuban missile crisis.
If otherwise, General Bradley has, in a
lew words, summarized the nature and
issue in a professional's direct way.

In addition to everything else, war
and warfare ultimately have a way of
distilling people's judgments. A good
many cool heads do not consider Ho
Chi Minh and the Viet Cong (despite
Red Chinese and Russian support) as
a serious Communist threat to the
strategic interests of the United States.
Many of these arc our best-informed
people on Chinese and Asian history,
customs, aspirations, and feelings. They
see the influence of Communism, cer-
tainly, in the war. But overriding
Communist doctrine and action, they
sec the geographic and cultural limita-
tions of the Annamese, the Tonkinese,
the Vietnamese, the Chinese, and
other concerns.

Others are even more certain and
definite that the issues are clearly
drawn; that Ho is a mere pawn; that
the worst is to be expected; and that
General Bradley and a lot of other
people are finding out the true facts
tardily.

The issue has penetrated deeply into
American life. During 1967 it became
part of the dialogue preceding the 1968
presidential election campaign.

The division of opinion during parts
of last year were reminiscent of the
division that appeared in the North
during the Civil War, and which
emerged during the election of 1864.
Early in that conflict, the New York
City Council had adopted a "dove"
position. The election of 1864 was a
bitter one. The same may be true in
1968. But within the United States,
the debates that accompany a presi-
dential election usually serve to clarify
the issues and to bring substantial
agreement in the end, after the votes
have been counted. Mr. Truman was
hard-pressed during the Korean con-
flict. Many thought that was the
"right" or the "wrong" war. Great
power carries great responsibilities. The
American people face a time of testing
in 1968.

January 1968

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87

End of an Era

A teacher received the following
excuse for a child's absence:
"Please excuse me for not com-
ing to school yesterday. My
cousin died, and I had to be a ball
bearing for the coffin."

Be like the sun and the meadow,
which are not in the least con-
cerned about the coming winter.

— -George Bernard Shaw

Tim and Terry, two small
brothers, were sent to wash
their hands for dinner. Tim
held his hands up proudly.
"Mine are dirtier than
yours," he said. "Sure,"
answered Terry. "You're a
whole year older than I am!"

— ^Roberta Rich, Lansing, Michigan

The poiver tvhich belongs
to the true riches is gained by
pursuing a righteous course,
by maintaining an upright
deportment towards all wen,
and especially towards the
household of faith, yielding to
each other, giving freely of
that ivhich the Lord has given
to you, thus you can secure
to yourselves eternal riches.

My missionary companion and I met a
group of eiders on a street corner and
were discussing matters of mutual in-
terest. I noticed a small boy standing
nearby, listening intently to our con-
versation. Before long I felt a firm
tug on my coat. "Hey, lady," the lad
asked, "are all those guys named
Elmer?" — Carol Fielding McCabe, Idaho
Falls, Idaho

Many a man wishes he were
strong enough to tear a tele-
phone book in half — especially
if he has a teen-age daughter.

— Guy Lombardo, orchestra leader

A college student was sur-
prised by a warm "Hi,
Steve," as he entered his in-
stitute class on the first
day of the semester. He sat
down and peered over his
shoulder at the source of
the greeting — a nice-look-
ing but unknown coed. Curi-
ous about how she knew his
name, he scribbled on a
piece of paper, "How much
do you know about me?"
The answer came back in a
minute: "Just your name,"
Then the student's face lit
up brightly as he wrote
back, "Would you like to
know more?" And she did.

—Elder Douglas R. White,
Monterey, Mexico

Admiration: Our polite
recognition of another man's
resemblance to ourselves.
— Ambrose Bierce

Every man should have a fair-sized
cemetery in whicli to bury the
faults of his friends.

—Henry Ward Beecher

People seldom improve when
they have no model but them-
selves to copy.

— Oliver Goldsmith

Antique dealer: "This vase is
2,000 years old. Be very careful
in moving it." Moving man: "You
can depend on me, professor. I'll
be as careful of it as if it were
new!

We believe in a God who is in
himself progressive, whose
majesty is intelligence; whose
perfection consists in eternal
advancement; the perpetual work
of whose creation stands
"finished yet renewed forever" —
a Being who has attained his
exalted state by a path which
now his children follow; whose
glory it is their heritage to
share. — Elder James E. Talmage

— President Brigham Young
"End of an Era" will pay $3 for humorous anecdotes and experiences relating to Latter-day Saint way of life. Maximum length 150 words.

88

Improvement Era

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